Hatikvah
Hatikvah (Hebrew התקוה or התקווה, hope, and Hatikvah Hatikvah or written ) is the title of the national anthem of Israel. The text is taken, in summary form, the 1878 poem written Tikwatenu ( "Our Hope" ) of Naphtali heart Imber ( 1856-1909 ). Since 1897 she is the anthem of the Zionist movement. With the establishment of Israel set to music text was proclaimed the national anthem. At the end of the poem, however, a change was made: instead of the equivalent of Imber hope that Jews may return to the land of their forefathers, it has since been known: " ... to be a free people in our land of Zion and Jerusalem ." The melody probably dates from 1888, is the composer Samuel Cohen attributed. 2004 National Anthems status by the Knesset was set by law. Hatikvah is sung in many synagogues, and in the diaspora. This is for example the Independence of Israel ( Yom haAtzma'ut ), on Memorial Day for the Fallen of Israel's wars ( Yom Hazikaron ) and on Memorial Day for the Holocaust ( Yom haScho'a ) often the case.
Music
The melody of Hatikvah goes back to an unknown European folk song, which appears among others in the Spanish and Polish folk music and the songs of many European countries (eg La Mantovana, Ack Värmeland, you sköna ) was taken. Also the main theme of the symphonic poem Vltava ( " The Moldau " ) by Bedřich Smetana has similarities to that melody. In the version in use today, the music was probably taken in 1888 by Samuel Cohen; the orchestral arrangement is by Paul Ben -Haim. Another processing for large orchestra comes from Kurt Weill.
Text
The text of Hatikvah derives from the first stanza of the poem Tikwatenu ( Our Hope) by Naphtali heart Imber ( 1856-1909 ) from the year 1878. Hatikvah was declared as the national anthem of the newly founded state of Israel in 1948, the text was that the previously request the return to Zion the subject had changed as shown below. The verse "As long as our hope is not lost " is a reinterpretation of the Bible verse Ez 37,11 EU ( "Our hope is lost " ), from the "Dream of dry bones " of Ezekiel the prophet.
As a result, the original Hebrew of the modern hymn with transcription and German translation is reproduced.
כל עוד בלבב פנימה נפש יהודי הומיה, ולפאתי מזרח קדימה עין לציון צופיה -
עוד לא אבדה תקותנו, התקוה בת שנות אלפים, להיות עם חופשי בארצנו ארץ ציון וירושלים.
Nefesh Yehudi homija (U L ) fatej Misrach kadima ajin le- zijon Zofija.
Lives a Jewish soul and to the east, forward, an eye to Zion looks,
As long as our hope is not lost, the hope of two thousand years, To be a free people in our land, in the land of Zion and in Jerusalem!
Original text of the poem Tikwatenu
Original text of the poem Tikwatenu with transliteration and German translation.
Others
The Hatikvah also served as a template for the Christian song to Ignite your fire by Berta Schmidt -Eller, which uses the melody of Hatikvah, but has a German text.
In 2005, John Williams built into his soundtrack for the film Munich by Steven Spielberg Hatikvah ( The Hope ), while Israel mourns the victims of the attack at the 1972 Olympics.
As the unofficial second national anthem of Israel Yerushalayim Shel Zahav the song is often considered ( Jerusalem of Gold ).