Henryk IV Probus
Henry IV (also: Heinrich the righteous, Polish Henryk IV Probus; * to 1256, † June 23, 1290 ) was from 1270 Duke of Wroclaw. From 1288 Duke in Krakow and thus (as Henry III. ) Senior Duke ( Princeps ) of Poland.
Origin and family
Henry was descended from the line of the dynasty of the Silesian Piast dynasty. His parents were Duke Henry III. of Silesia ( † 1266 ) and Jutta of Mazovia ( † after 1257 ). Henry's only sister was Hedwig (* 1252/56; † before December 14, 1300 ). She married 1271/1272 Henry, the eldest son of Margrave Albert the Degenerate, and after his death in 1283, Otto von Anhalt.
Henry was in his first marriage since 1278 to Constance († 1351 ), married a daughter of Władysław I of Opole, which he repudiated 1286 for unknown reasons. In 1287 he married Matilda († ~ 1290/98 ), daughter of Margrave Otto of Brandenburg, the son of Otto III. was of Brandenburg. The marriage remained childless.
Life
Henry's grandmother was Anna of Bohemia. This is probably why he was educated in Prague, where he was under the influence of King Ottokar II. His duchy was limited to the eastern part of Lower Silesia with Breslau. After his father's death in 1266 his brother Vladislav of Silesia took over the guardianship government Heinrich and his dukedom. He died in 1270 and bequeathed certain Henry as his sole heir. New guardian of Henry, who usually stayed until 1273 at the Prague court, was King Ottokar. 1271 Henry involved in a campaign to Hungary Ottokar. In 1272 he determined to Wroclaw capital of Silesia and gave her great privileges. Since 1274 he held the title suffix " Lord of Breslau ". After coming of age of Henry auxiliary troops fought 1276 against Rudolf of Habsburg. The weakness Ottokar after the defeat was exploiting, Heinrich captured on February 18, 1277 by his uncle Boleslaw II in Jeltsch, dragged to the castle Lähnhaus and released only on July 22, 1277 after the assignment of territories Neumarkt and Striegau.
After the death of King Ottokar 1278 made Henry hopes to reign in Bohemia. In 1280 he made the first Silesian Duke for his country fealty and received this as a prince of the empire of Rudolf of Habsburg as a fief back. Probably out of gratitude Rudolf showed him also to the Glatz to lifelong enjoyment.
With the Breslau Bishop Thomas II, he led an immunity dispute in which it was also about the tithe payments of German villages. 1274 Henry took part in the Council of Lyons, where he complained about Bishop Thomas. Since the clergy was on his side, he was able to maintain his position, although he was temporarily banned. On the advice of the Meissner provost and later Bishop Bernard of Kamenz, who acted as Henry's chancellor since 1279, pledged Heinrich previously devastated as restitution to the bishop on September 6, 1281 Zuckmantel and the castle gem from which Nicholas I of Opava the Neisser diocese land had. But a year later led Henry and Thomas a new dispute about the tithes, meant that Henry should assign 65 villages mentioned by name in the border forest area due to an arbitration award to the bishop. 1284 Heinrich occupied these villages and claimed their taxes and income for themselves and thus pulled the episcopal spell on herself. The Synod of 1285 Łęczyca talked about Henry from the interdict. The Polish Episcopate was against him, because the German settlers turned against the collection of Peter 's Pence. Even national antipathies against the Silesian- German Franciscans should have played a role.
After the death of Cracow Duke Leszek II 1288 Henry became the Krakow dukedom, which he had to defend against Władysław I the Elbow- of Cujavia and Bolesław Płock with the influence of the German citizenship of Krakow. Having been handed over to the castle, he returned to Breslau.
On January 11, 1288 to Henry and Bishop Thomas reconciled in Wroclaw. Henry donated the richly appointed Collegiate Church of the Holy Cross on the Cathedral Island. The facilities were also 17 Kanonikerstellen. In the same year he ended the dispute over the Lubusz with Brandenburg, to be free for the Erbkrieg to the Polish Senior dignity against his relatives, the Piast Władysław I the Elbow- of Cujavia and Przemysław II of Great Poland. 1289 he took the Duchy of Lesser Poland -Krakow final possession. Thus, he became Senior of Poland and marked as a final highlight of the rule of the Silesian Piast Poland.
Shortly before his death gave Henry the church of that privilege, with which he the diocese its goods and possessions confirmed and granted the sovereignty of the Neisser - Ottmachauer area. The position of power related to the Silesian church resulted in the following centuries repeated clashes between the Dukes and the Church. Since Henry had no physical descendants, the Duchy of Wroclaw inherited testamentary Henry III. of Glogau. However, due to the resistance of the Wrocław citizens it fell to Henry of Legnica. Heritage of Krakow and Sandomierz was Przemysław II
The assumption that Heinrich had been poisoned, is not occupied. His body was interred in the Holy Cross Church of Breslau.
Manesse
A few years after his death, Henry has been immortalized in the Heidelberg song manuscript. Under his name Heinrich von Pressela there for two German songs of love and a tournament scene were handed down.