Hincmar

Hincmar of Reims, latin Hincmarus Remensis also Incmarus or Ingmarus (c. 800/810; † 21 or December 23 in Epernay 882 ) was Archbishop of Reims, church leaders of the West Frankish empire, " publicist ," historian and canonist.

Life

Hincmar was born during the lifetime of Charlemagne ( 768-814 ), he was of noble birth and enjoyed his spiritual training at the monastery of Saint- Denis before the switching on of his abbot Hilduin of Saint -Denis ( † 855/861 ) to court of the Emperor Louis the Pious ( 814-840 ) came ( 822). There Hincmar learned the political uncertainties and instabilities of the Frankish empire know that eventually led to the brother battles ( Battle of Fontenoy 841 ) and the partition treaty of Verdun after the emperor's death ( 840). Hincmar was partisan of King Charles the Bald ( 840/843-877 ), the youngest son of Louis.

The West Frankish king made Hincmar in April 845 as archbishop of Reims, after the 835 remote and 840/841 temporarily again restituted predecessor Ebo the Archbishop chair had been forced to evacuate. Resistances of the trailer Ebos could be overcome, Hincmar soon took a leading position in the West Frankish episcopate. The restoration of Rheims church property, the erection of episcopal and metropolitan authority and the inclusion of diocesan legislation ( 852) strengthened its influence. In Prädestinationsstreit to Hincmar addressed, although not completely familiar with the predestination and grace teachings of St. Augustine († 430), not least in the dock at the Synod of Quierzy ( 849 ) against the Saxon monk Gottschalk of Orbais, which he then up to whose death could detain 869 in skin Villers Abbey. By incidence of the East Frankish king Louis the German ( 840/843-876 ) to West Franks (858), he organized the political opposition and also appeared in the otherwise torn by Norman invasions and revolts land for Charles the Bald one. Since 860 Hincmar himself sat in the marriage dispute the Lorraine King Lothair II ( 855-869 ) against the divorce plans, and had in Pope Nicholas I ( 863-869 ) in this respect, a powerful ally. In other respects, such as the disputes Hincmar with his suffragans Rothad II of Soissons ( 833-869 ) and Hincmar of Laon ( 858-871 ), however, the Pope turned against the Archbishop.

On the death of King Lothair II ( 869 ) occupied Charles the Bald, supported Hincmar Lorraine, but had to cede the eastern German territories in the Treaty of Meerssen (870) to Louis. Hincmar opposed the policy of Charles the Bald to obtain the imperial dignity after the death of the King of Italy and Emperor Louis II ( 855-875 ). The West Frankish ruler was initially successful ( imperial coronation 876 ), but died 877 on his second Italian. Against the resolute at the coronation creation of a papal vicariate for the areas west and north of the Alps, the Archbishop of Reims fought at the Synod of Ponthion decided.

After the death of Charles the Bald, Hincmar supported his son Louis II the Stammerer ( 877-879 ) and his grandson, Louis III. ( 879-882 ​​), the victor of the Battle of Saucourt against the Normans 881 ( Ludwig song), and Carloman. The last year of life Hincmar was filled with the dispute over the election of bishops in Beauvais ( 881/882 ). The archbishop died on the run from the Normans attacked as they Reims, on 21 or 23 December 882, Epernay. He was buried in Saint- Remi Abbey in Reims.

Works

Hincmar church political activities are reflected in a number of treatises on current events. These include: Hincmar's letters to Louis the German (858), letters to bishops and popes, council decisions. Theological treatises Hincmar are: his Prädestinationsschrift ( 853 ) and his writing about the term " trina deitas " ( 853 ) Legal opinion: the writings on divorce King Lothar II (858, 860, etc.), the " quaternions " on church property ( 868 ), writing on the Law of metropolitans. Treat the monarchy and the relationship between Church and King (Two- violence doctrine ), among others, " about the person of the king and the royal service " and De ordine palatii. Outflow of historical interest Hincmar are the Annales Bertiniani that continues wrote the Archbishop 861-882, a hagiographic work was the Vita Remigii his predecessor Remigius of Reims ( † about 533).

Comments

The various forms of the name ( Hincmarus, Incmarus, Ingmarus ) are found in the Annales Bertiniani. While Prudentius of Troyes still writes Ingmarus, Hincmar himself used the Latinized version Hincmarus.

Swell

Editions

• Hincmari Rhemensis archiepiscopi opera omnia. Juxta editionem Sirmondianam ad prelum revocata, varia accessere monumental quae suppeditarunt Surii, Pertzii, etc., ed. Jacques Paul Migne from. 2 vols. Paris 1852.
• Epistolae Karolini aevi (VI ) Hincmari archiepiscopi Remensis Epistolae ( Letters of Archbishop Hincmar of Reims ), Part 1 Edited by Ernst Perels. Berlin 1939 ( Monumenta Historica Germaniae, digitized )
• De ordine palatii, ed. of Thomas Gross and Rudolf Schieffer, Monumenta Historica Germaniae, Leges, Fontes iuris germanici antiqui in usum scholarum separatim editi, volume 3 Hahn, Hannover 1980, ISBN 3-7752-5127-8.
• De divortio Lotharii regis et Theutberga regina, ed. Letha Böhringer, Monumenta Historica Germaniae, Leges, Concilia, band 4.1. Hannover 1992, ISBN 3-7752-5327-0.
• The controversial writings Hincmar Hincmar of Reims and Laon. 869-871, ed. by Rudolf Schieffer, Monumenta Historica Germaniae, Leges, Concilia, band 4.2. Hahn, Hannover 2003, ISBN 3-7752-5355-6.
• Collectio de ecclesiis et Capellis, ed. by Martina Stratmann, Monumenta Historica Germaniae, Leges, Fontes iuris germanici antiqui in usum scholarum separatim editi, Volume 14, Hannover, 1990, ISBN 3-7752-5332-7.
• De cavendis vitiis et virtutibus exercendis, ed. by Doris Nachtmann, Monumenta Historica Germaniae, sources for intellectual history of the Middle Ages, Volume 16, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-88612-076-7.