Josef MysliveÄek
Josef Mysliveček ( born March 9, 1737 Prague, † February 4, 1781 in Rome) was a Czech composer.
- 2.2.1 symphonies
- 2.2.2 concerts
- 2.3.1 sonatas for a solo instrument
- 2.3.2 Trios
- 2.3.3 Quartets
- 2.3.4 Quintets
- 2.3.5 octets
Life
Josef Mysliveček was the son of a miller. He and his twin brother Joachim received first lessons at the Normal school of the Dominicans at the Prague St. Gallus Church, and probably at the Jesuit Gymnasium in Clementinum. From 1744 onwards, the brothers studied philosophy and literature at the University of Prague, Josefov but left again in March of 1753 due to lack of academic success. In May 1758, he joined with his brother in his parent mill operation; In 1758 they were journeymen, 1761 miller. Soon after, Joseph renounced his inheritance.
He studied composition with Franz Johann Habermann (1706-1783) and organ lessons with Josef Seger (1716-1782); He was earning money at home as a violinist. In 1763 he published his first, Count Vincenz von Waldstein works dedicated: six symphonies, which are named after the months of January to June.
On November 5, 1763, he left, supported by Count Waldstein, Prague, to study in Venice singing and composition at Pescetti Giovanni ( 1706-1766 ). His first stage work, Semiramide, was listed in 1765 in Bergamo. They called him because of his unpronounceable Italian name " Il Boemo " or " Venatorino " ( The little hunter, as his name is translated).
In December 1766 Mysliveček was commissioned to compose Il Bellerofonte. He wrote the work in a short time and led it on January 20, 1767 in Naples with major singers such as the tenor Anton Raaf ( 1714-1797 ) and soprano Caterina Gabrielli (La Gabrielli, 1730 - after 1796 ), with which it has a had liaison. The success of this opera earned him a new contract: for the court of Naples, he wrote Farnace, an opera whose premiere was a triumphant success. During this time he was the highest paid opera composer in Italy; his fame spread throughout Europe. 18 of his operas were copied for the court of Portugal, in Paris, Amsterdam and London, his works were printed, which was not, of course, in the 18th century.
In 1768 he was in Prague, 1769 in Venice, Padua and Florence. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, developed to the friendly relations, he first met in 1770 in Bologna, again on May 15, 1771 in Milan. In 1772, he traveled to Vienna, where he had led a opera commission, here met him Charles Burney know, possibly to Munich. 1773 Mysliveček was back in Italy, where he again met Mozart. On November 4, 1773 conducted the performance of Orfeo ed Euridice by Christoph Willibald Gluck.
1775 showed the first symptoms of syphilis, which eventually led to a disfiguring facial paralysis and the loss of his nose, and he struggled with financial problems. In 1777 he was back in Munich. His operas Ezio and his oratorio Abramo ed Isacco were successfully performed. He had to go to hospital, where he was visited by Mozart. This described him as follows on October 11: " if his face had not, he would be totally the same thing; fully feüer, spirit and life. " He tried in vain to gain a Mozart opera commission of an Italian theater. After his return to Italy, his star began to decline. 1779 fell through his opera Armida, the following operas were no more successful. After a painful operation - as a vain attempt to cure his syphilis was removed his nose - he died penniless and forgotten in Rome. Sir Brady, an English friend and disciple, let him be buried in Lucina in the Roman church of San Lorenzo, where again today his tomb is to be seen.
Work
Vocal music
Measuring
Psalms and other liturgical forms
Oratories
Cantatas
Operas
Subsequently, the lyricists and the date and place of the first performance (UA) are called.
Melodrama
Theodoric and Elisa ( 1778 )