Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant
F1
Active reactors ( gross ):
The nuclear power plant Kalinin ( [ listen? / I] russian Калининская АЭС, abbreviation КАЭС, KAES ) is a nuclear power plant in Russia, about 260 kilometers north- west of Moscow, in the Tver Oblast, near the city Udomlya. Owner and operator of a nuclear power plant is the state enterprise RosEnergoAtom. The nuclear power plant covers a large proportion of the electricity needs of the Tver region, in addition, is also fed into the electricity networks of the cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg and Vladimir. In 2005, the nuclear power plant has injected 17.3 billion kilowatt-hours in the public network. The two highly visible each 85 -meter-high cooling towers were made in each 96 concreting sections.
History
The construction of the first nuclear reactor was started on 1 February 1977 and on 1 February 1982 started the construction of the second reactor block. On 9 May 1984 the first reactor block, Kalinin -1 was put into operation. On 3 December the same year followed Kalinin -2 with commissioning. With the construction of Kalinin -3 was begun on October 1, 1985, which went into operation on 16 December 2004. Since August 1, 1986 ran the construction work for Kalinin -4, on 12 December 2011, he was taken in the presence of Prime Minister Putin in operation. As things stand, it is planned in 2014 to take the first reactor unit from the mains again.
The net output of the four reactors is each 950 megawatts ( MW), the gross output of 1,000 MW. The thermal power is 3200 MW. In the four reactor units are pressurized water reactors of Russian design called VVER. The VVER -1000 reactors is the third series of the VVER who once were among the most modern in the Russian nuclear industry. In the reactor units one and two are WWER-1000/338-Modelle and the third and fourth blocks to WWER-1000/320-Modelle.
Security
Early 1990s, it came in the power plant repeatedly malfunctions. Between 1990 and 1994, such disturbances were reported within four years 120, suggesting negligence on the part of the workforce, but also to poor maintenance material, particularly in the non-nuclear area of the plant. Subsequently, the State Inspection Authority Gosatomnadzor 1994 prohibited the full power operation of the reactors. Meanwhile, the number of breakdowns is reduced back to normal levels after a few modifications to the system. The reactor was allowed to be brought up to rated output.
Nuclear power plant Tver
It is planned to build directly on the site Kalinin the successor power plant nuclear power plant Tver. The power plant will get four reactors of type WWER-1200A/501 in design of AES - 2006M, which belong to the time of the most modern and newest reactors in Russia. The first block is 2020 at the earliest to start operation. Block two, three and four will follow by 2026.
Data of the reactor units
The nuclear power plant Kalinin has four blocks: