Kreis Kolmar in Posen
- Government district of Posen
- Regierungsbezirk Bromberg
The circle Kolmar Poznan ( until 1877 Circle Chodziesen, from 1939 County Kolmar ( Wartheland ) ) was on the north western edge of the Prussian province of Posen in the period 1815-1919, and from 1939 to 1945. He belonged to the governmental district of Bromberg in the province of Posen. Seat of county government was Chodziesen ( Kolmar ).
- 2.1 Country Councils 1818-1920
- 2.2 Country Commissioner from 1939
- 2.3 Country Councils from 1939 to 1945
Administrative history
History ( 1772-1807 )
The area around the western Polish city Chodzież ( Chodziesen ) was after the First Partition of Poland from 1772 to 1807 for Netzedistrict the Prussian province of West Prussia. After the peace of Tilsit, it fell to the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 and came to the Congress of Vienna on May 15, 1815 in the Grand Duchy of Posen to Prussia back.
Prussia
As part of the general reorganization of the circle outline in the Prussian state Chodziesen a circle was formed on 1 January 1818. Seat of the district administration was initially the city Schneidemühl and in 1821 the county seat Chodziesen.
As part of the province of Posen was the circle Chodziesen on 18th January 1871 part of the newly founded German Empire, whereas the Polish deputies in the Reichstag on April 1, 1871 protested. On March 6, 1877, the county and the county seat after the former Prussian district of Colmar Axel were renamed Kolmar poses. On 1 April 1914, the city Schneidemühl became a separate urban district.
Cession to Poland
On December 27, began in 1918 in the Posen province of Wielkopolska Uprising of the Polish majority population against the German rule in early January 1919, the county town of Colmar was twice occupied temporarily polish. Up to the south of the district around the city Budzyń the circle Kolmar remained under German control.
On February 16, 1919 armistice ended the Polish- German battles, and on 28 June 1919, the German government stepped with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles three quarters of the circle ( 898 km ²), together with the county town of Colmar officially to the newly founded Poland from. Germany and Poland concluded on November 25, 1919 an agreement on the evacuation and transfer of the ceded territories, ratified on 10 January 1920.
The evacuation of the territory ceded circle and transfer to Poland took place between 17 January and 4 February 1920. The county town of Colmar was taken over by Poland on 19 January 1920. Polish powiat was Chodzież From the circle Kolmar poses.
The Pommern in the Free State of Prussia
The remaining in Germany northwestern remaining part (295 km ²) with the city of Pila came to the newly formed networks circle which first belonged to the Prussian province of Posen- West Prussia border and from October 1, 1938 to the Prussian province of Pomerania.
World War II
In September 1939, German troops occupied the former district near the border area. The Polish county ( " powiat ") was October 26, 1939 to German, he belonged to the government district of Posen in the Reich Warta country. The circle area was occupied in January 1945 by the Red Army and subsequently handed over to Polish administration.
District administrators
District Administrators 1818-1920
Land commissioner from 1939
District Administrators 1939-1945
Municipal outline
The circle Kolmar was divided into 6 municipalities, the remaining villages were grouped into police districts.
The circle Kolmar was on 1 January 1908 from six townships ( Kolmar, Pila, Margonin, Samotschin, Usch and Budsin ), 76 rural communities and 29 agricultural estates.
In 1939, the 86 villages of the district were first grouped into 22 administrative districts. On April 1, 1941, the District Kolmar City was declared a city after the German Municipal Code of 1935, followed on April 1, 1942, the District Samotschin City and Usch City, on April 1, 1943, the District Margonin City and the July 1, 1943 the District Budsin city. Towards the end of the occupation was the district of five towns and 17 administrative districts.
Expansion
The circle Kolmar Posen had until 1920 an area of 1193 km ², 1939-1945, there were 898 km ².
Population
The circle Kolmar Posen had in the year 1890 60.057 inhabitants. According to the census of the year 1905 these were 79 % German, 18 % Polish, and 3 % were Jews.
Part of the German inhabitants left after 1920 the Polish powiat Chodzież, their share of the county population fell to 1931 to 28%.
The county Kolmar ( Warta country) had in 1941: 43 074 inhabitants mostly Polish. The German occupation authorities distributed between 1 December 1939 and 31 December 1943 4000 Poland from the area.
In the area lived a German minority, while the German occupation were also settled. Towards the end of the occupation fled the bulk from the area or has been sold.
The Jewish population was deported to the General Government and murdered there.
Communities
List of localities in the county i Kolmar poses with more than 500 inhabitants (1910 ):
( With a few exceptions were after 1815, the Polish place names on, at the beginning of the 20th century, several place names were Germanized. )
According to unpublished decree of the Minister of the Interior from December 29, 1939 were again the first 1918 valid German names. On May 18, 1943 set for all places with a postal or railway station in the Warta Country German name, which in turn resulted in deviations.