Kurgan Oblast
55.565.3Koordinaten: 55 ° 30 'N, 65 ° 18'
The Kurgan Oblast (Russian Курганская область / Kurganskaja oblast ) is an oblast in Russia, part of the Urals Federal District. In the census of 14 October 2010, the population was 910 807, until 1 January 2014, it dropped to 877 362.
Geography and population
The oblast is situated in the southwest of the West Siberian Lowland and has an approximately triangular in shape, with the capital of Kurgan is in the middle. It shares land borders with Kazakhstan to the west by the Chelyabinsk Oblast, on the north by the Sverdlovsk Oblast, Tyumen Oblast to the east, extends from north to south over 290 km and from west to east over 430 km. Flat steppes shaped the land that is now used for agriculture, about one fifth is forested, and there are more than 3,000 lakes and 400 rivers in the area. The largest rivers are the Tobol and Iset. The Kurgan Oblast is the smallest in the Ural Federal District. 92 % are Russians, 2% Tatars, 1.5% Bashkirs. 55 % of the population live in urban areas ( in Russia 73%).
Mineral resources
In the oblast there are relatively large deposits of building materials such as sand, clay and mineral colors, sometimes gypsum and peat. In the south of the oblast comes before iron ore.
Natural and pollution
The fauna consists among others of elk, deer, wolves, wild boars, foxes, badgers, hares, muskrats, and squirrels, as well as ducks, geese, partridges and black grouse. A total of 64 mammal species are established, more than 250 species of birds, 6 types of reptiles, 8 species amphibians and 27 species of fish. The forests consist mostly of birch, poplar, pine, linden and fir trees.
Some parts of the oblast are charged like many other regions of the Soviet Union by pollution:
- Pollution of the air in Kurgan and Schadrinsk because of the high share of industry.
- Pollution of rivers Techa, Iset and Miass by industry of the Oblast Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk.
- Techa River was contaminated with radioactive waste (see Nuclear plant Mayak ).
- In the Oblast about 700 tons are stored banned pesticides from the years 1972 to 1975 today.
- In Rajon Shchuch'ye about 5,400 tons of nerve agents stored ( sarin, soman, VX).
Climate
The region's climate is strongly continental with cold winters and hot summers. The average temperature in January is -18 ° C, in July 19 ° C. Rainfall per year is about 400 mm, the vegetation period 160 to 165 days.
History
The Russian settlement of the region began in the 17th century. The first settlements were Dalmatowo ( 1644), Kataisk ( 1655), Kurgan and Schadrinsk ( 1662). Parts of the oblast belonged at various times to the Tobolsk government ( in the last was the capital ), Perm and Orenburg, days of the Soviet Union on the Ural oblasts, Omsk and Chelyabinsk. In the years 1941-1942 a total of 16 large farms were evacuated from the west of the country in the field of future Oblast. On February 6, 1943, the Kurgan Oblast was formed from part of the Chelyabinsk Oblast.
On October 30, 1959, the Kurgan Oblast was winner of the Lenin Order.
Policy
The legislative branch is the Duma of the Oblast, with 34 deputies. It is elected every four years. The executive branch is managing the Oblast. The governor of the oblast is the head of the administration, he is also elected every four years. Since February 2014 Alexei Kokorin clothed interim basis this office.
The Duma Committee is currently comprised of the following ( elected for the last time on March 14, 2010):
- United Russia - 22 MPs
- Communist Party of the Russian Federation - 5 MPs
- Just Russia - 5 MPs
- Liberal Democratic Party of Russia - 2 MPs
Administrative divisions and cities
The Kurgan Oblast is divided into 24 Rajons and two urban districts, formed from the administrative center of Kurgan and the only other major city Schadrinsk. In total there are nine cities in the oblast and six urban-type settlements.
F1 map with all coordinates: OSM, Google and Bing
Economy and infrastructure
The Trans-Siberian Railway connects the Oblast with economic centers of the European and Asian parts of Russia, but the Kurgan Oblast by the independence of Kazakhstan has fallen into a peripheral location. The most important industries are mechanical engineering (agricultural, road construction, chemical industry machinery), food processing and agriculture. Pipelines cross the area, which in contrast to surrounding regions has no major oil deposits.
Personalities
- Adrianov Alexander (1854-1920), scholar
- Yuri Balashov ( born 1949 ), world-class player in chess
- Leonid Khabarov (* 1947), Colonel
- Filipp Golikov (1900-1980), Marshal of the Soviet Union
- Evgenia Grekova ( b. 1974 ), opera and concert singer
- Gavriil Ilizarov (1921-1992), physician
- Vsevolod Ivanov (1895-1963), writer, went to work in Kurgan
- Veniamin Yakovlev ( born 1932 ), lawyer and politician
- Fedot Jelissejew (1915-2004), officer, Hero of the Soviet Union
- Leonid Krasin (1870-1926), Revolutionary
- Dmitri Loskow ( b. 1974 ), professional football player
- Terenti Maltsev (1895-1994), agricultural scientist
- Ogarkov Alexander (* 1987), biathlete
- Leonid Polowinkin (1894-1949), composer
- Viktor Potanin (* 1937), writer
- Mikhail Rjumin (1913-1953), Deputy Minister of State Security
- Jana Romanova (* 1983), biathlete
- Sergei Rubljowski ( born 1974 ), world-class player in chess
- Yevgeniya Sedova (* 1986), biathlete
- Dmitri Sokolov (1924-2009), biathlete, Tontaubenschütze and shooting coach
- Jelena Temnikowa ( born 1985 ), singer of the girl band Serebro
- Alla Waschenina (* 1983), Women's Weightlifting
- Yakov Witebski (1919-1992), a gastroenterologist