Lower Lorraine

The Duchy of Lower Lorraine (Latin Lotharingia inferior, French Basse- Lotharingie ) was one of the first contractual dominions. In fact, there was neither a niederlothringisches dukedom yet natural boundaries that would Lower Lorraine had an independent genesis result.

History

The boundaries and dimensions were based on the first, mainly in the Treaty of Verdun ( 843) certain territory Lotharingiens. The Duchy of Lorraine was divided in 977 into two duchies (Lower and Upper Lorraine Lorraine), between which the boundary line was very indistinct, but still little discussed.

Earliest tangible Dukes of Lorraine:

  • Gebhard of Franconia († 910), Count in the Rheingau to 903
  • ( Testified no dukes ) 911-923, Lorraine under Charles the Simple: Reginar I ( † 915 ), Count of Hainaut and in Haspengau, 911-915 Markgraf ( Reginare ).
  • Between 915 and 923: Count Palatine of Lorraine Wigerich ( Wigeriche ).

In the years 965-977 no Duke is hands down what the inference allowing the Ottos had completed the integration of the Duchy in their power complex. In the years 977-1005 possessed two West Frankish Carolingian the Duke Office and afterwards went on a new vacancy of the throne, Duke ( 1005-1012 ).

Since the early 11th century principalities broke from the Duchy and a number of armed conflicts has become visible in the western part of the empire. The German king then reacted with the creation of three margravates (Antwerp, Ename and Valenciennes ), which should protect the borders of France and had to control substantial land between the Rhine and the Scheldt. In addition, the local bishoprics of Cologne, Utrecht, Liege and Cambrai were appointed to ecclesiastical principalities of the empire, whose overlords were in fact used by the emperor. In 1012 Lower Lorraine was again a duke, who finally held together the disintegrating areas and secured.

In the 11th century especially, the family had the Counts of Verdun, the dynasty Ardenne, the duke held. A heritability of ducal crown was avoided in this time period and therefore was observed different families around the niederlothringischen throne.

In the 12th century fell into the Duchy. After the death of Godfrey of Bouillon ( † 1100), the Office of the Duke lost in Lower Lorraine in importance and also suffered from the dispute between King Henry IV and his son Henry V. Way Heinrich brought IV Count of Limburg Duke of Lower Lorraine while Henry V. for Godfrey of Leuven, landgrave of Brabant, began. At the expense of imperial politics both pursued their own interests in the area of their new duchy.

After the death of Godfrey III. of Leuven ( † 1190 ) created Henry VI. a radical reordering. On the court day to Schwäbisch Hall ( September 24, 1190 ) he made the " death certificate " of the Duchy of, by de facto Duke of Brabant, confirmed Henry I of Brabant, son of the late Godfrey and since 1183/1184 that the whole of Lower Lorraine him was not granted. The niederlothringische dukedom became the pure title without territorial claims to power, which the Dukes of Brabant led as " Duc de Lothier " until their absorption in the Burgundian state.

Ruler list

Since the Dukes of Lorraine often occupied other dominions, the numbering may vary

  • Godfrey I of Hainault, 959-964
  • Charles of France, 977-991 ( Carolingian )
  • Otto 991-1012 ( Carolingian )
  • Gottfried II, 1012-1023
  • Gotzelo I., 1023-1044
  • 1044-1046: vacant or Gotzelo II?
  • Frederick II of Luxembourg, 1046-1065
  • Gottfried III. , The bearded, 1065-1069
  • Gottfried IV, the hunchback 1069-1076
  • Conrad of Franconia, 1076-1088
  • Geoffrey V, of Bouillon, 1088-1100
  • Henry I of Limburg, 1100-1106
  • Gottfried VI. , ( Count Godfrey I of Leuven ) Duke between 1106 to 1128, † 1139
  • Walram of Limburg, 1128-1139
  • Gottfried VII ( Count Geoffrey II of Leuven ), 1139/1140-1142
  • Gottfried VIII ( Count Gottfried III. Leuven ), 1142-1190

Dukes of Brabant and Lower Lorraine

  • Henry I, 1190-1235 (from 1183/1184 already Duke of Brabant)
  • Henry II, 1235-1248 ( married 1240 Sophie of Thuringia)
  • Henry III. , 1248-1260
  • John I, 1260-1294
  • John II, 1294-1312
  • Johann III. , 1312-1355
  • Johanna 1355-1404 ( married Wenceslaus of Luxembourg from 1355 to 1383 )
  • Margaret of Flanders, 1404-1405 ( married Philip the Bold out of the house Burgundy 1404)
  • Anton of Burgundy 1405-1415
  • John IV, 1415-1427
  • Philip of Saint-Pol, 1427-1430
  • Philip the Good of Burgundy, 1430-1467
  • Charles the Bold of Burgundy, 1467-1477
  • Mary of Burgundy, 1477-1483 ( married; Maximilian I, Emperor The Duchy coincides with all the countries of the Dukes of Burgundy to the House of Habsburg. )
Middle Francia Lorraine (duchy) Reginar, Duke of Lorraine House of Reginar Ardennes-Verdun dynasty Otto, Duke of Lorraine Conrad, Duke of Lorraine Carolingian dynasty Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor Henry I, Duke of Brabant Godfrey I, Duke of Lower Lorraine Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine Otto, Duke of Lower Lorraine Godfrey II, Duke of Lower Lorraine Gothelo II of Lower Lorraine Frederick, Duke of Lower Lorraine Conrad II of Italy Henry, Duke of Lower Lorraine Waleran, Duke of Lower Lorraine Henry II, Duke of Brabant Henry III, Duke of Brabant John I, Duke of Brabant John II, Duke of Brabant John III, Duke of Brabant Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg Anthony, Duke of Brabant John IV, Duke of Brabant Philip I, Duke of Brabant
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