Mari El
56.548Koordinaten: 56 ° 30 'N, 48 ° 0' O
The Republic of Mari El (Russian Республика Марий Эл, Wiesenmari Марий Эл Республик, Bergmari Мары Эл Республик, translated "the land of Mari " ) is an autonomous republic in the eastern part of European Russia. It is located on the middle reaches of the Volga in the region of Tscheboksarsker reservoir and extends between 400 and 800 km east of Moscow, about half- way to the Urals.
Geography
The largest part of the Republic is located north of the Volga, east of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and northwest of Tatarstan and its major city of Kazan. In the south it is bordered by the autonomous Republic of Chuvashia, the right side of the Volga River already.
Population
Titular nation, the Mari, Finno- Ugric, a nation that was formerly known as " Cheremises " known. They speak two related languages , mountain and Wiesenmari. The Mari are just behind the Russians, the second largest ethnic group of the Republic. Only about half of all Mari lives in their republic. In addition to Mari and Russian Tatars are another major nationality in Mari El. Smaller minorities include the Chuvash and Ukrainians. The area recorded a population decline since 1989. This was (1989-2010) 52 873 people, or about 7%.
The official languages are both Mari and Russian languages . When religion outweighs the Russian Orthodox Church (66 municipalities), and there are followers of traditional religions (3 communities), Muslims (14 associations ) and Protestants (42 municipalities).
Administrative divisions
( Inhabitants on 1 January 2009)
Cities
In Mari El, there is the capital Yoshkar -Ola only a big city. Only two other towns include over 20,000 inhabitants: Wolschsk and Kosmodemjansk. Altogether there are four cities in the Republic and 15 urban-type settlements.
Notes: * City ** name on east or Wiesenmari; in parentheses, if different, on Western or Bergmari
History
The area, which inhabited the Mari, was a long time between the Khanate of Kazan and Russia and thus also disputed between Islam and Russian Orthodox Church. Mid-16th century it came finally to Russia, and has since divided his story. In 1936 the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ( ASSR ) was established in the Mari, from 1991, the Republic of Mari El was born.
Policy
Mari El is a presidential republic. President and Prime Minister Leonid Markelov is. In parliament, the National Assembly, four factions are represented. There is a small national movement of Mari. Your most important party is Mari Uschem.
Economy
Mari El is located in the densely forested region (taiga ), 57 % of its area is covered by forest. Accordingly, a major branch of industry, the forestry dar. Other industries are mechanical engineering and electrical engineering.