Motorways in Poland
- In use
- In construction
- In planning
- In use
- In construction
- In planning
The Autostrada ( German: Highway ) is a type of road in Poland and forms part of the national trunk road network. This type of road serves the national and international transport.
Currently, there are highways with a length of about 1420 kilometers, about 220 kilometers of motorway to be built. The planned motorway network is approximately 1990 km. The most important and longest motorway connections are the east-west connections A2 and A4 and the North -South connection A1. In addition to these motorways are three highway sections that are called A6 A8 and A18.
Since 1 January 2011, the maximum speed on motorways Polish 140 km / h, previously subject to 130 km / h
- 2.1 Marking and Labelling
- 2.2 Rules
- 2.3 Technical parameters
- 2.4 Miscellaneous
- 5.1 See also
- 5.2 External links
- 5.3 footnotes
History
After 1945
After the Second World War, Poland had some still being built in the Nazi era motorway fragments in Pomerania and Silesia. This was on the
- Then Berlinka (~ 106 km), the sections Kołbaskowo - Łęczyca (now the A6 motorway and Droga wojewódzka 142) and Elbląg - Grzechotki (today expressway S22), and on the
- Then Śląska ( ~ 270 km), the sections Olszyna - Brzeg (~ 220 km) and Ujazd - Gliwice - Zabrze (~ 40 km) (now Highway A18/Autobahn A4, the section in Gliwice is now marked as a state road 88).
Most highway bridges over rivers were destroyed during the World War, but only one of them was renewed immediately afterwards. The bridge over Ina in 1972, the bridges over the rivers Pasłęka, Młynówka and Omaza over the road from Elbląg after Grzechotki were renewed in 1996 until 2003.
In addition to the motorway sections there were unfinished construction work along the following routes:
- Łęczyca - Chojnice
- Zgorzelec - Boleslawiec,
- Brzeg - Ujazd,
- Świecko - Luboń in Poznań
In addition to the renewed bridges all these unfinished or finished elements existed unchanged until the mid -90s. In the 1970s, only the Berlinka was around the section Łęczyca - expanded Lisowo with a roadway.
1972-2000
Only in the 1970s began the serious construction of a comprehensive motorway network. 1972, these sections were planned:
- Construction of the section Gliwice - Kraków (now A4 ),
- Completion ( construction of the second carriageway ) of section Wrocław - Gliwice (now A4 ),
- Construction of the section Warszawa - Katowice (then Gierkówka, today S8/Autobahn A1)
In 1976, the plans were expanded to include these sections:
- Tarnów - Kraków (now A4 ),
- Eastern bypass GOP (today expressway S1)
- Bielsko- Biała - Cieszyn (today expressway S1)
- Warszawa - Poznań (then Olimpijka, today's highway A2)
- Łódź - Piotrków (now A1 ).
In 1985, the planned routes have been divided into two types of roads: motorways ( Autostrady ) and expressways ( Drogi ekspresowe ). As the routes of today's highways A1, A2 and A4 were identified. But the realization of these plans was then at a slow pace. In the years 1978 to 1991, the motorway sections of the A4 were: Jaworzno ( Byczyna ) - Krakow ( Balice) (approx. 36 km) and A2: Wrzesińska - Konin ( Modła ) ( about 48 km ) and the A1: Tuszyn - Piotrków (about 18 miles) to traffic. In the following years, only short sections of motorway emerged in the field of partially re- opened and upgraded border crossings.
In the 1990s, the plans for the future motorway and expressway network have changed. In 1993, these routes have been incremented to motorway sections:
- Szczecin - Gorzów Wielkopolski - Zielona Góra - Legnica - Bolków - Lubawka (then motorway A3)
- Olszyna - Krzywa ( A18, then posted as a motorway A12),
- Łódź - Wrocław - Bolków (then A8 ),
- Kołbaskowo - Szczecin ( A6 ).
2001-2009
In 2001, the A3 motorway was deleted from the plans and downgraded to the S3 expressway. The A8 motorway was cut to bypass of Wroclaw, Wroclaw and the section Warsaw - Białystok was downgraded to the S8 express road.
In 2006, the section of the A2 Konin up to Lodz ( Stryków ) was completed and opened to traffic.
In 2007, the football championship was awarded in 2012 to Poland and Ukraine. Thus, a completion of all Polish highways was planned by the end of 2012. The only exception was the first connection of the A2 Warsaw - Belarus, which is realized after 2012.
On 22 December 2007, the 25 km long section of A1 from Pruszcz Gdański ( Rusocin ) to Tczew ( Swarożyn ) was opened. On September 26th of the same year, the 7.7 km long section Klucz - Kijewo the A6 was released after the modernization.
On 17 November 2008 the section of the A1 Tczew ( Swarożyn ) Grudziądz ( Nowe Marzy ) was completed with a length of 65 kilometers.
On December 22, the bypass of Stryków was completed. This was the 1.7 km long section node Lodz Polnoc node Stryków the A2 motorway and a 3 km long section along the A1.
In 2009, following these sections were completed:
- Section of the A4: Jędrzychowice (border) - node Krzyżowa ( 51.4 km; opened on 14 August )
- Section of the A4 Kraków - Wielicka node - node Szarów (19,9 km; opened on 28 November )
- Section of the A1: node - Sośnica Gliwice - Rybnik knots (15,4 km; opened on 23 December)
2010
With the dissolution of the contract GDDKiA with an operating company due to financial difficulties, the implementation of the 140- km section Tuszyn - Pyrzowice was abandoned during the European Cup in January 2010 and will take place only in 2015. Moreover, it was questionable whether the most important projects, the sections A1 - Toruń Łódź, Łódź -Warsaw A2 and A4 Krakow Ukraine, can be implemented for the European Football Championship.
In 2010, only a short section of motorway was completed and opened:
- Section of the A1: Rybnik node - node Zory (7.5 km; opened on 15 December)
2011
In 2011, many problems in the construction of various highway sections for the 2012 European Football Championship emerged:
- First, in early 2011 it was announced that the A1 from Toruń to Łódź could not be completed because the section Toruń - Kowal should be released only in September 2012 after damaligem state.
- In February 2011 there was a breach of contract on a 21 km long section of the section of the A4 Krakow to the Ukrainian border, so that the A4 will not be passable in full length for Euro 2012.
- In May 2011, problems in the construction of the A2 from Lodz to Warsaw were known. On two of the five cuts, in which the path was divided, large construction delays had occurred. In addition, have the Chinese construction company, which was responsible for the construction of the two sections, arrears in payments of Polish subcontractors so that they are temporarily on strike. For these reasons, was a breach of contract on the part of GDDKiA, so that the construction work rested for two months. End of July 2011, the completion of other construction companies was then agreed, however, shall only take place in October 2012. During the EM but are both unfinished sections may be temporarily passable to allow a smooth ride to Warsaw.
In 2011, the following sections of motorway were opened:
- Section of the A1: Zory node - node Świerklany (6,6 km; opened on 21 April )
- Section A8: Node Breslau -South - node Wroclaw airport (7.4 km; opened on 5 May)
- Section A8: Node Breslau -Nord - node Wroclaw Psie Pole (3.9 km; opened on July 15)
- Section A8: Node Wroclaw Airport - Wroclaw node -Nord ( 11 km; opened on 31 August)
- Section of the A1: node - Maciejów Gliwice - Gliwice node - Sośnica (6 km; opened on September 30)
- Section of the A1: Nowe Marzy node - node Toruń - Czerniewice ( 62.4 km; opened on 14 October )
- Section A2: Świecko node - node Nowy Tomyśl ( 105.9 km; opened on 1 December)
- Section of the A1: node - Maciejów Gliwice - Zabrze node - Polnoc (8.1 km; opened on 22 December)
2011 were opened to new motorway section a total of 214 km. The 1000 km of motorway mark was passed with the opening of the 106 km long section of A2 motorway from Słubice on the German border to Nowy Tomyśl on 1 December.
2012
In 2012, a number of problems in the construction of various sections of motorway were revealed. This was due to financial difficulties and the resulting resulitierenden bankruptcies of Polish construction companies. It became a necessity to settle the debts of the construction companies with subcontractors, suppliers and vendors. Hundreds of companies, which have not been paid by 27 general contractors for their work were, with up to 485 million zloty compensated to 10 December 2012 by the GDDKiA. Due to the bankruptcies of construction had on many sections interrupted and could not be completed for the 2012 European Football Championship, both the A1 ( section Kowal - Łódź ) and the A4 (Section Krakow Ukraine):
- The section node Kowal - node Lodz Polnoc the A1 could not be completed on time due to construction delays and the insolvency of a Polish construction company.
- The A4 from Krakow to the Ukrainian border had to be completely abandoned, as not a single section could be completed due to significant construction delays of several months up to two years. Dębica node - node Wschód and Rzeszów - Zachód - - In addition, the construction contracts for the sections node Tarnów - Rzeszów Polnoc had node - Polnoc be terminated.
In 2012, the following sections of motorway were opened:
- Section A2: Pruszków node - node - Konotopa Warsaw (4.8 km; opened on 23 May)
- Section A2: Node Warszawa - Pruszków node (12,6 km; opened on 27 May)
- Section of the A1: Pyrzowice node - node Piekary Śląskie (16,1 km; opened on 1 June)
- Section of the A1: Piekary Śląskie node - node Zabrze Polnoc ( 12.0 km; opened on 1 June)
- Section of the A1 in the context of the node Lodz Polnoc (4.9 km; opened on 3 June)
- Section A2: Node Lodz Polnoc - node Skierniewice (34,5 km; opened on 3 June)
- Section A2: Skierniewice node - node Warszawa (41,4 km; opened on 6 June )
- Section A2: Node Choszczówka Stojecka - node Kałuszyn ( bypass Mińsk Mazowiecki; 20.8 km; opened on 29th August)
- Section of the A4: Node Rzeszow Polnoc - node Rzeszow Wschód (6,9 km; opened on September 10th)
- Section of the A1: Kowal node - node Lodz Polnoc ( 75.2 km; opened on 13 November )
- Section of the A4: Szarów node - node Brzesko (23,1 km; opened on 29 November )
- Section of the A4: Brzesko node - node Tarnów - Zachód (20,8 km; opened on 29 November )
- Section of the A4: Node Tarnów - Zachód - node Tarnów - Polnoc (12,9 km; opened on 29 November )
- Section of the A1: Node Mszana - Gorzyczki (PL / CZ) (11.1 km; opened on 30 November )
- Section of the A6: Kijewo node - node Tczewska (modernization, 2.2 km; opened on 21 December)
2012, so far the record year with a total of 299.3 km of newly finished and eröffneter motorway route dar.
2013
In 2013, the following sections of motorway were opened with a total length of 126.8 km:
- Section of the A4: Jarosław node - Wschód - node Przemysl (15,8 km; opened on 27 May)
- Section of the A4: Node Dębica - Wschód - node Rzeszow Zachód (32,7 km; opened on 30 October )
- Section of the A4: Node Rzeszow Zachód - node Rzeszow Polnoc (4.0 km; opened on 30 October )
- Section of the A4: Jarosław node - Zachód - Jarosław node - Wschód (8.7 km; opened on 20 December)
- Section of the A1: Node Toruń - Południe - Wloclawek node - Polnoc (34,5 km; opened on 21 December)
- Section of the A1: Node Wloclawek - Polnoc - Wloclawek node - Zachód (8.5 km; opened on 21 December)
- Section of the A4: Node Przemysl - Korczowa (PL / UA) (22,6 km; opened on 23 December)
Features
A Polish motorway consists of two carriageways with at least two lanes and a hard shoulder. The lane width is generally 3.75 m.
Marking and Labelling
The marking is done with red signs with the capital letter A and the corresponding number. The signage on the highway has a blue background with white text.
Regulate
The speed limit on Polish motorways is 140 km / h
- Passenger cars ( cars)
- Motorcycle
- Lorries (trucks ) to 3.5 tons
- Bus with additional specifications
- Car with trailer
- Motorcycle with trailer
- Trucks with trailers up to 3.5 tonnes
- Trucks over 3.5 tonnes ( with trailer)
- Marked hazardous goods - vans and the like
- Bus ( with a trailer )
- Vehicle with a forwardly projecting device ( more than 1.5 meters from the seat)
- Motorcycle ( with trailer) with a child under 7 years
In Polish motorways is generally prohibited:
- Change of direction,
- Stopping or parking of a vehicle ( with the exception of designated places),
- Invert
- Towing, with the exception of towing vehicles for towing to the nearest exit or rest areas
Vehicles that can design requires not exceed 40 km / h, are not allowed on Polish motorways.
Technical Parameters
The technical parameters of the highway have been established by the Polish Ministry of Transport on March 2, 1999.
The highway can only interchanges, highway triangles and connection points with the type of road the main road, only have connections with major roads for accelerated traffic, highways and motorways should be made. Distances between connection points should not be less than 15 km, within large cities and metropolitan areas not less than 5 km. In exceptional situations, when traffic engineering requirements warrant, individual distances between connection points are not less than 5 km and 3 km allowed in large cities and metropolitan areas.
On the highway emergency communication should be available.
Other parameters are dependent on the design speed:
Others
The numbering of the highway exits is analogous to the chainage; Exit No. 72 is thus not the 72th exit, but is located at km 72 of the motorway in question.
Current motorways
As of March 29, 2014