Muscari

Illustration: left: Schopfige Grape Hyacinth ( Muscari comosum ) right: vineyard grape hyacinth ( Muscari neglectum )

The grape hyacinths ( Muscari ) are a genus of flowering plants in the family of asparagus plants ( Asparagaceae ). Sometimes they are also referred to as Perlhyazinthen, in parts of southern Germany as Bauernbübchen. In contrast, in parts of Central Germany, the name Berg males is common for the plant. In addition to the botanical species, there are also some hybrids. Home ranges of the species are in Europe, North Africa and Southwest Asia.

  • 4.1 Literature
  • 4.2 Notes and references

Description

Grape hyacinths are perennial herbaceous plants. These geophytes form ovoid onions in a brown envelope ( " Tunic " ) as outlasting. Only the base of the stand (one to ) usually two to seven parallel venation, fleshy leaves.

On an inflorescence stem stand together many flowers in a terminal, grape. In each inflorescence, the upper flowers are smaller, differently colored and sterile. The fragrant hermaphrodite flowers are triple. The six identically shaped bracts are fused Roehrig or urn -shaped, they are always shorter than 2.5 cm and mostly blue. There are two circles, each with three stamens present; the anthers are dark blue. The three carpels are fused to a green, superior ovaries, with a stylus and three scars.

The capsule fruit is dreigeflügelt and contains six black, round seeds.

System

The genus Muscari was erected in 1754 by Philip Miller. It is divided into four subgenera, which are also treated as separate genera:

  • Muscari subgen. Leopoldia ( Parl ) Peterm. ( Syn: Leopoldia Parl ). Muscari comosum is the type species (L.) Miller.
  • Muscari subgen. Moscharia ( Baker) Chouard. Type species is Muscari muscarimi Medicus.
  • Muscari subgen. Muscari. Muscari botryoides is the type species (L.) Miller.
  • Muscari subgen. Pseudomuscari Stuart (syn. Pseudomuscari Garbari & Greuter ). Type species is Muscari pallens ( M.Bieb. ) Fish.

There are about 60 Muscari species ( selection):

  • Muscari adilii M. B. Guner & H. Duman
  • Muscari apertum Freyn & Conrath
  • Armenian grape hyacinth ( Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin ex Baker ), Origin: Southeastern Europe, Western Asia.
  • Muscari atlanticum Boiss. & Reut.
  • Diver - Grape Hyacinth ( Muscari aucheri ( Boiss. ) Baker), Origin: Northern Turkey.
  • Sky Blue Grape Hyacinth ( Muscari azureum Fenzl ), Origin: Turkey.
  • Muscari babachii Eker & Koyuncu
  • Small Grape Hyacinth ( Muscari botryoides ( L.) Mill ), Origin: Central and South-Eastern Europe.
  • Muscari bourgaei Baker
  • Muscari caucasicum ( Griseb. ) Baker
  • Muscari coeleste Fomin
  • Mistook Grape Hyacinth (Muscari commutatum cast. ), Occurs in the Mediterranean region.
  • Schopfige grape hyacinth ( Muscari comosum ( L.) Mill ), Origin: Europe, Middle East, North Africa.
  • Muscari cycladicum P.H.Davis & D.C.Stuart
  • Muscari dionysicum Rech.f.
  • Muscari discolor Boiss. & Hausskn.
  • Muscari eburneum ( Eig & Feinbrun ) D.C. Stuart
  • Muscari gussonei ( Parl ) death.
  • Muscari grandifolium Baker
  • Muscari inconstrictum Rech.f.
  • Broad-leaved grape hyacinth ( Muscari latifolium Kirk), Origin: Turkey.
  • Muscari leucostomum Voronov ex Czerniak.
  • Muscari longifolium Rigo
  • Muscari longipes Boiss.
  • Large-fruited grape hyacinth ( Muscari macrocarpum Sweet), Origin: Greece, Western Turkey.
  • Muscari massayanum Grunert
  • Muscari macbeathianum Kit Tan
  • Muscari microstomum P.H. Davis & D.C. Stuart
  • Muscari mirum Speta
  • Musk Grape Hyacinth ( Muscari muscarimi Medik., Muscari racemosum Syn Mill, noun ambiguum, Hyacinthus L. muscari, Muscari ambrosiacum Moench, Muscari moschatum Willd. )
  • Vineyard Grape Hyacinth or Muscari Overlooked (. . Muscari neglectum ex cast Ten, Muscari racemosum Syn ( L.) Mill, noun ambiguum ), Origin: Europe, the Middle East to Central Asia, North Africa, naturalized in North America.
  • Muscari pallens (. M. Bieb ) fish home. Eastern Turkey, Caucasus.
  • Muscari parviflorum Desf. , Occurs in the Mediterranean region.
  • Muscari pseudomuscari ( Boiss. & Buhse ) Wendelbo
  • Muscari sandrasicum Karlén
  • Muscari sivrihisardaghlarensis Yıld. & B. Selvi
  • Muscari sosnovskyi Schchian
  • Muscari spreitzenhoferi ( Heldr. ) Vierh.
  • Muscari stenanthum Freyn
  • Muscari szovitsianum Baker
  • Schmalblütige grape hyacinth ( Muscari tenuiflorum exchange), Origin: Europe, Western Asia.
  • Muscari turkewiczii ( Voronov ) Losinsk.
  • Muscari turcicum Uysal, Ertuğrul & Dural
  • Muscari vuralii Bağcı & Dogu
  • Muscari weissii Freyn

Use

From some Muscari species varieties were bred as ornamental plants:

  • Muscari armeniacum: ' Argei Album'
  • 'Atlantic '
  • 'Blue Spike'
  • ' Cantab '
  • 'Christmas Pearl'
  • ' Côte d' Azur '
  • ' Denim'
  • ' Fant. Creation '
  • 'Peppermint '
  • ' Saffier '
  • ' Rimshot '
  • Muscari azureum: 'Album'
  • ' Amphibolis '
  • 'Purple Form'
  • Muscari botryoides: 'Album'
  • ' Carneum '
  • ' Superstar'
  • Muscari comosum: ' Pinard '
  • ' Plumosum '
  • 'Dark Eyes'
  • Muscari macrocarpum: 'Golden Fragrance '
  • Muscari neglectum: ' Valerie Finnis '
  • 'Sky Blue'
  • 'White Beauty'

Volatile garden grape hyacinths

The Little Grape and Grape Schopfige grow in warm areas of Central Europe in places in the fruit and vineyards. Because of their rare occurrence they are classified on the Red List as endangered. However, this is with them around plants that have been spread by humans (so-called Ethelochorie ). Historically garden reaches its introduction to the so-called oriental phase of ornamental plants, as 1560-1620 a variety of hyacinths, tulips and daffodils were imported mainly from Turkey to Central Europe. The Small Grape Hyacinth Muscari Schopfige and therefore belong to the so-called garden refugees.

Swell

Perennial plant Ovary (botany)
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