Paul Gottlieb Nipkow
Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkow (* August 22, 1860 i in Lauenburg Pom, . † August 24, 1940 in Berlin) was a German engineer and inventor.
Paul Nipkow came in 1860 as the son of a master baker and City Council headman Friedrich Wilhelm Nipkow to the world. He first visited the Progymnasium in Lauenburg i Pom. , From 1880 the Royal Grammar School in Neustadt in West Prussia. Already at this time he dealt with practical experiments of telephony, thinking already of an additional transmission of moving images. After graduation Easter 1882 he went to Berlin to study mathematics and science at the Friedrich- Wilhelms- University and become a teacher at a secondary school. But he also heard lectures at the Technische Hochschule Charlottenburg: Hermann von Helmholtz physiological optics and electro-physical Adolf Slaby problems.
Nipkow disk
While still a student, he invented this disc, according to his own stories it was on Christmas Eve 1883, when he was sitting alone in his lodgings in the Phillip Street 13a in Berlin-Mitte in front of his oil lamp and give him the idea had come spiral with a perforated disc image " tessellated into points and lines" to disassemble. The innovation was doing in the spiral disc, cutting images into points for telegraphic transmission Alexander Bain had realized even before Nipkow's birth.
For this disc he applied to the Imperial Patent Office in Berlin Reich patent for an electric telescope for electrical playback luminous objects in the category "Electrical equipment ". It was granted to him on January 15, 1885 retroactive to January 6, 1884. It is not known whether Nipkow ever attempted a practical realization of this disc. But we must assume that he has never built myself a corresponding apparatus. Because otherwise there was no interest in the patent, it fell into disuse after 15 years.
Occupation
In the summer of 1885 Paul Nipkow financial reasons abandoned his studies. On December 12, 1885, he married his college girlfriend Sophia Colonius, the muster much sympathy for his creative activities. So she announced, at that time his fiancée, on January 6, 1884 on their costs to be " electric telescope" at the Reich Patent Office. However, his normal occupation lay in his career. After abandoning his studies he enlisted as a " one-year volunteer " at railway regiment in Berlin- Schöneberg. After serving this service made him the company Zimmermann & Buchloh - Eisenbahnsignalbauanstalt in Borsigwalde in Berlin on 1 October 1886 as a design engineer.
First television systems
After the First World War began under high frequency engineers efforts to electrical transmission of images, the first television broadcasts were all working with an optical-mechanical picture scanning, most with a Nipkow disk. This also prompted Paul Nipkow, to engage again in this area, and there was a further patent, this time via a device for achieving synchronization for apparatus for electrical imaging, characterized in that all cooperating transmitter and receiver in one and the same AC power distribution network are connected. 1932/33, then sat down in electronic image scanning of Manfred von Ardenne with their superior quality way down and Nipkow's invention only in England for some time had meaning for television yet. The significant advances made in the development of television were primarily attributable to Manfred von Ardenne in the 1930s.
Transmitter Paul Nipkow
The 1935 was put into operation first public television station in the world, however, was named after the " father" of the first generation of television technology, which was based on a mechanical version of the Nipkow disk, " Paul Nipkow TV station ". Nipkow was honorary president of the " Television Association " of the " Empire Radio Chamber ". The " kingdom of transmission conductors " spoke of the " German television pioneer" who has devised the "general idea" of television. For his 75th birthday, the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main awarded Paul Nipkow an honorary doctorate of science. His birth town of Lauenburg named him an honorary citizen in 1937. As Nipkow in 1940, died in Berlin, you taught him from a state funeral. His grave is located in the town cemetery Pankow III in the Dept. C- 13th