Plane (tool)

The planer is a tool for machining of wood. The surface of the wood is processed by swarf is removed from the material to the plane iron. The classic hand planing is a fixed blade that is fixed in the plane body, in today too usual electric planers rotates a knife roll with several cutting.

Construction

Although differ Handhobel greatly in their construction to some extent, some elements are found in all variants:

• The plane body lies with its underside ( the planer base ) on the workpiece. It has a housing for the cutting knives and apparatus which facilitate the guiding of the planer. In the plane sole is the clamping passage through which the knife down enough to the workpiece. Simultaneously, the resulting chips are discharged upwardly through the tensioning passage. As the plane body is symmetrical, a planer can be as well served by law or left-handed.
• The plane iron is made of tool steel and provides for the removal of material as well as for the derivation of chips up through the so-called planing mouth.
• The tensioning device ensures reliable fixation of the plane iron.

The cutting performance and surface finish, in addition to the edge of the iron -dependent inter alia on the angle of intersection, which is the angle by which the chip is deflected upwards. Since this angle can not be changed, there are planes with different cutting angles for different applications: the steeper the iron is, the smoother the surface, but also takes the effort required by the section to.

While originally planing were all made ​​of wood, came to industrialization in England Plane body made of cast iron on. The complex adjustment mechanisms of the metal planes differ in their mode of operation of which the wood planing and allow fine adjustment by means of a screw. In English-speaking iron planes are common today, while otherwise continue to outweigh wood planer.

Structure of the wood planing

At the front part of the box is the planing nose. It serves to guide the tool with the first hand. The second hand grasps around the Einspannkeil situated behind the hand guard. It performs the push movement. At the rear of the plane of the box push button is attached. By gently tapping with a hammer on these metal button the plane iron is set. In this way, the chip thickness can be varied. In addition, as wedge and iron can also be completely loosened and removed when the plane iron to be reground.

The highly stressed during planing planer base often consists of an attached layer of highly resistant wood, such as hornbeam or lignum vitae ( Guaiacum ).

A somewhat different type is found at the Japanese planes, the Kanna, which is not pushed over the workpiece, but pulled.

History

The plane came to BC in about 1200. The oldest surviving pieces date to the Roman Imperial period. The layer or gouging counts among the oldest types of planing.

Types of planing tools

• Paragraph Rabbet Plane - as rabbet plane, but the knife is not out in front planing direction from a leading piece of wood so that you can slice up in corners inside.
• Double planer - like smoothing plane, but provided with a double iron. The double iron is just behind the cutting edge on one of the chip will be broken, so a smoother surface is obtained.
• Block Plane - even pocket planer, small planer, which can be performed with one hand
• Guillaume - with side and depth stop and spurs earlier for the exact generation of folds
• Dovetail - has between planer base and side face at an angle of 78 °, making the planing Gratfedern is possible. To avoid tearing the wood brain, he has an additional spurs.
• Router plane - has a far above the plane sole standing narrow iron. This makes it possible to the bottom of a groove, in particular by sliding dovetail joints to plane.
• Grain wood planer - are usually made ​​of metal and are used for planing of wood brain. In contrast to the normal operation of the planer is parallel to the grain of the wood, working with the grain planing across the grain. This requires a very stable plane with the smallest possible angle of intersection.
• Core box planer - has a rectangular plane sole, so you can manufacture semi- circular troughs ( gutters about ).
• Routers - slim straight bar with just as much, stepped sole, often with adjustable side and rear attacks, earlier for the exact generation of grooves

• Profile planing, also called Façonhobel, have a profiled surface planer with a corresponding iron. This profile can be created. In general, a particular slicer is needed for each type of profile. Profiles are today, not least for reasons of operating speeds, mostly milled by machine.
• Smoothing Plane - used for cleaning of surfaces, works fine as the double planer
• Jack Plane - quite a long slicer, used to produce mainly large flat surfaces and straight edges as well as for joining (preparation of wood for gluing ) larger workpieces or veneers.
• Ship planing - have a flexible steel sole that can be adjusted both convex concave by a set screw. This makes it possible to plane curves.
• Smoothing Plane - is used for the initial smoothing and finishing the surface wave still ( after roughing ).
• Scrub plane - used by the decrease thicker chips for leveling of the saw cut and making the approximate thickness of the workpiece ( Herunterschruppen ). The far- projecting plane iron has a rounded (segment curved ) edge.
• Spokeshave - also known as " knacker " - has a very short sole, the plan can be executed convex or concave. The iron is adapted to the shape of the sole. The spokeshave is pulled by means of two side-mounted handles and serves the shaping of small workpieces and for breaking edges. The spokeshave is similar in appearance and use the drawknife.
• Rabbet plane - in this most narrow planing is the planer blade across the entire width of the planing box, so it can be planed down to the corner of a fold.
• Vergatthobel - see end grain planing

• Toothed Blades - have with their very large cutting angle of 80 °, rather than a scraping cutting action. In the plane iron fine grooves are milled, causing the surface to be machined is roughened. This is usually used to roughen wood surfaces for subsequent gluing.

Proverb

In the colloquial language of the plow has become proverbial: Where omelette without breaking chips. This is intended to indicate that all benefits can bring one thing also disadvantages that can not be avoided; as well as those due when planing a workpiece chips must be taken into account.

Also, the saying can be understood as an expression of utilitarian thinking: Planing is an act to be achieved with something that the general public donates a benefit, while the chips are individual concerned, where the conduct causes harm itself or in its consequences.