Quintilian
Quintilian, with full name Marcus Fabius Quintilian (* 35 in Calagurris, today Calahorra in Spain; † to 96), was a Roman teacher of rhetoric. His influential in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance works moved in the mid-20th century, after the departure from the theoretical argumentation logicism, back into the focus of scientific reception.
Life and work
His training made Quintilian in Rome with Quintus and Gnaeus Domitius Afer Remmius Palaemon. After returning to his home, he accompanied 68 AD the emperor appointed Spanish governor Galba to Rome. Here he worked as a lawyer and speech teacher; among other things, the younger Pliny and Juvenal were his pupils. His fame brought him under the emperor Domitian, the awarding of a Consularia ornamenta, the highest honor that could get a non- senator.
When Vespasian in Rome einrichtete public schools of rhetoric, Quintilian was the first state- salaried teacher of rhetoric in Rome. After 20 years of teaching Quintilian retired. Since about 90, he was more than royal tutor at the imperial court Domitian. At the same time he wrote his major work, the Institutio oratoria ( instruction in rhetoric ) in twelve books, which also has a comprehensive educational concerns. It deals with elementary education starting systematically the whole field of rhetoric. Quintilian was influenced by the rhetoric and style of Cicero. He saw in the example of Cicero the orator and stylists and the embodiment of his ideal of education.
He is pursuing a natural language and criticized the contrived rhetoric of his time, that represented, building on the Asianism / Atticism debate at the time of Cicero as the latter a moderate Rhodian center position. Quintilian's own speeches and other writings are lost. However, the theses of his polemic De causis corruptae eloquentiae ( Of the causes of the decline of eloquence ) can be reconstructed from allusions about the institutions and in Tacitus ' Dialogus de oratoribus ( dialogue on the speaker).
The significant, coined by rich personal experience major work has greatly affected the humanists and forms the basis of the effective until in recent times into Ciceronianism Represents the 10th book of the work provides an outline of the Greek and Roman literary history with weighed characteristics and fine criticism. But limiting it must be noted that the Greek and Roman authors are judged by how perfect they are for themselves schooling young speakers: Not an abstract aesthetic classification is Quintilian, but he estimates the usefulness effect the reading of the authors of the style could have the rhetoric student.
Two handed down under the name of Quintilian works Declamationes probably come from his school. They contain a collection of practice speeches. Students should here according to a time- typical form of instruction (which Quintilian himself sharply criticized! ) On a fictional, mostly downright absurd legal case in each indictment and formally develop defense speech their ingenuity and their feeling for language.
Works
- M. Fabii Qvintiliani Oratoriarvm Institvtionum Lib. XII. - APVD Sanctam Coloniam: XXI aedibus Eucharij Ceruicorni, Heronis & Fuchs, MD. mense Martio. - Digitized edition of the University and State Library Dusseldorf
Text editions and translations
- Helmut Rahn (ed.): Marcus Fabius Quintilian: training of the orator. Twelve Books, 5th edition, University Press, Darmstadt 2011 (Latin and German )
- Franz Loretto (Ed.): Quintilian: Institutio oratoria X - Textbook of oratory, Book 10, Reclam, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-15-002956-2 (Latin and German, with commentary).
- Michael Winterbottom (ed.): M. Fabi Quintiliani Institutionis Oratoriae libri duodecim. 2 volumes, Oxford Classical Texts, Oxford, 1970 ( critical edition of the Latin text ).
Aid
- Eckart Zundel: Clavis Quintilianea. Quintilian ' institutions oratoria ' (training of the orator ) broken down by rhetorical terms, University Press, Darmstadt 1989. ISBN 3-534-07322-3 ( term register to Quintilian issue of Rahn )