Staurois
The Winker frogs ( Staurois, from Greek stauros = cross, stake ) are a genus of frogs rights from Southeast Asia and from the Philippines.
Features
The species found on Borneo and on the belonging to the Philippines island of Palawan, have black spots on the bright background of the back. The types of other Philippine islands have a predominantly dark back color, can be seen on the bright spots.
Dissemination
The genus spread from Borneo starting on Palawan to the southern Philippines from. In the north of the Philippines, there are not generic. In Borneo they could have lived millions before 90 to 60 years. Opportunities for the spread to the Philippines today surrendered before 15 and 10 million years ago in the Miocene, existed as land bridges between the islands. A spread in two waves corresponds to the radiation of other genera of Southeast Asia.
The species of fiddler frogs live in clear, rocky streams and rivers of the tropical rainforests of South Asia and the Philippines. The rushing streams and waterfalls in the mountains have helped to have developed other ways of communicating with these frogs in addition to the noise produced by sound bubbles.
Behavior
It is characteristic of the genus Winker frogs that they can communicate by waving their hind legs. For this they have flashy colorations on the webbed toes. This should have resulted from the high level of noise in the vicinity of waterfalls and fast-flowing waters, which greatly complicates understanding through sounds.
Endangering
The type Staurois is natator on the Red List of Threatened Species. Although there are insufficient data for the first 2007 made spin-off the kind Staurois parvus from the species complex Staurois tuberilinguis, this species was included in the Red List, as it only consists of two smaller areas known to date and their habitat is threatened by deforestation of the rainforest is.
In December 2011 it was announced that at the zoo zoological breeding of two species is the first time succeeded by Staurois.
Species
There are six types:
- Staurois guttatus ( Günther 1858), Borneo
- Staurois latopalmatus ( Boulenger, 1887) Kalimantan (Philippines)
- Staurois natator ( Günther 1858), ie meaning by Arifin, among other things, Mindanao (Philippines)
- Staurois nubilus ( Mocquard 1890), again built by Arifin, among other things, Palawan (Philippines)
- Staurois parvus Inger & Haile, 1959, rebuilt by Matsui and others, Borneo, Brunei
- Staurois tuberilinguis Boulenger, 1918, in the narrow sense after the spin-off of S. parvus, Borneo, Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak