Verkhoturye
Verkhoturye (Russian Верхотурье ) is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast (Russia) with 8820 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010 ).
Geography
The city lies on the eastern edge of the Ural Mountains, about 300 km north of the Oblasthauptstadt Yekaterinburg, on the left, steep and rocky banks of the river Tura.
Verkhoturye, the smallest city in the oblast, is the administrative center of the homonymous Rajons.
The town lies on the railway line opened in 1906 Kushva ( station Goroblagodatskaja ) - Serov. The station is located about 5 km west of the city near the settlement Priwoksalny.
History
Verkhoturye is one of the oldest cities in the east of the Urals were taken during the Russian colonization of the territories. 1598 here the opening of the so-called Babinow Street ( Babinowskaja doroga ) established a Ostrog and immediately called "town" instead of mansischen settlement Neromkarr in the frame. The road presented a new, shorter route from European Russia to Siberia dar. 1601 was a customs office here opened and all the other ways to Siberia prohibited. Until the second half of the 18th century, the city 's most important transit trade and center of the Russian colonization of the Uralhinterlandes remained. During two major fires in 1674 and 1738 the city was badly affected.
The development of the city slowed with the abolition of customs duties and closure of the now Werchoturjer tract called street 1763rd Since 1708 the city of the province Siberia, Verkhoturye belonged from 1764 to the governorship of Tobolsk, 1781 for the governorship of Perm ( later Perm province ) and was now at the center the practice of various crafts.
Until the late 19th / early 20th century Verkhoturye was an important religious center. Founded in 1604 Nicholas monastery with the relics of Saint Simeon the Just, a Werchoturjer miracle worker, was a well-known pilgrimage destination in all of Russia.
1926 Verkhoturye the lost city status, but got it in 1947 on the occasion of the 350th anniversary of the foundation again.
Verkhoturye 1910
Gate of the Kremlin from Verkhoturye
Pedestrian bridge over the Tura
Station with its war memorial
Demographics
Note: Census data
Culture and sights
Since Verkhoturye in contrast to almost all other cities in the Urals region of the industrialization of the 19th and especially the 20th century remained virtually untouched, large parts of the historic cityscape are relatively well preserved.
The town center was formed by the Kremlin, whose position was elected in 1597 on a rocky elevation on the left bank. From the Kremlin 1700-1713 erected gates with portals as well as the Trinity cathedral ( Троицкий собор / Troitsky Sobor ) obtained from 1703 to 1712.
The Exaltation of the Cross Cathedral ( Крестовоздвиженский собор / Krestowosdwischenski Sobor ) from 1905 to 1913 in Nicholas Monastery is one of the largest in Russia. In this monastery there are also the Classicist Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord ( Преображенская церковь ) of 1821 with a destroyed in the 1930's and 1998 faithfully reconstructed bell tower, and Simeon and Anna Church ( Симеоно - Аннинская церковь / Simeono - Anninskaja Tserkov ) of 1856 in the ancient Russian style.
Founded in 1621 Intercession Intercession Monastery ( Покровский монастырь / Pokrovsky monastyr ) was the first Russian Orthodox convent beyond the Urals.
In addition, part of the old secular stone and wooden buildings of the city is obtained, the Yushkov Hospital and residential building from the late 18th century and the first half of the 19th century.
The architectural monuments of Verkhoturye are combined into a historical- architectural museum Sapowednik. The city has as the main center of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Ural region a museum of Orthodoxy ( Prawoslawny musei ).
Economy
In Verkhoturye farms for forestry chemicals, and the food industry are located. Nearby is located on the Tura Werchoturjer the small hydropower plant.
The surrounding Rajon forestry plays an important role.