Viswanathan Anand
Viswanathan Anand ( Tamil: விசுவநாதன் ஆனந்த், also known as " Vishy ", born December 11, 1969 in Madras, Tamil Nadu ) is an Indian chess player. He was from 2000 to 2002 FIDE World Champion from 2007 to 2013, the 15th undisputed world chess champion since Wilhelm Steinitz, until he was replaced by Magnus Carlsen.
Life and career
Youth
Anand, who is also known as "Tiger of Madras ", learned to play chess at age six from his mother. A year later he joined a chess club. The Chess fever seized him when he it took a year for his active career in Manila father to the Philippines, where in 1978 the world championship match between Anatoly Karpov and Viktor Korchnoi was held and triggered a wave of chess enthusiasm.
After Anand had returned to India, sat a his success series: 1983 he won the Indian Youth Championships U16 and U19 and abolished the qualification for the Adults Championship, the took place one year thereon. After he occupied a good fourth place there, Anand was appointed to the Indian National Team, with the he played at the Chess Olympiad in Thessaloniki 1984. With 7.5 points from eleven games the only 14 -year-old cut even then against a very strong opposition from respectable. That same year, Anand won the Asian Junior Championship in Coimbatore and repeated this victory a year later. 1985 FIDE awarded him as hitherto youngest player from Asia to the title of International Master. 1986 Anand won the championship of India and became the youngest national champion in India to date, the title of national champion he could repeat twice. In 1987 he became junior world champion U20. In December of the same year he became Grand Master ( due to two norms in tournaments in New Delhi and Coimbatore ); the title of FIDE awarded him officially in April 1988.
First attempts at the world championship throne
Interzonal of Manila in 1990 he managed to qualify for the Candidates Tournament. Anand turned in the second round, held in 1991 in his hometown of Madras, the Russians Alexei Drejew with 4,5:1,5 ( 4, -1, = 1) and pushed in the quarterfinals to former World Champion Anatoly Karpov, which he in Brussels 1991 just with 3,5:4,5 ( 1, -2, = 5) was subject. In 1992 he succeeded outstanding tournament wins in Reggio Emilia (before Garry Kasparov and Anatoly Karpov ) and Moscow. He defeated the same year in a competition in Linares the Ukrainian Vasyl Ivanchuk 5-3 ( 3, -1, = 5). His successes pushed his Elo rating over 2700 and he came before the super grandmasters.
In 1993, Anand after qualifying ( Interzonal in Biel) to the FIDE Candidates Tournament again. Likewise, the PCA tournament in Groningen for the candidates fighting this rival organization ( Anand won jointly with Michael Adams, each with 7.5 out of 11 ). Participation in tournaments both candidates was associated with enormous hardships: Anand won in the PCA cycle in the quarterfinals against the Ukrainians Oleh Romanyschyn in New York in 1994 with 5:2 ( 3, -0 = 4) and in the semi-final in 1994 against Michael Linares Adams with 5,5:1,5 ( 4, -0 = 3).
In the FIDE Candidates Tournament 1994 in Wijk aan Zee he turned in the 1st round Artur Yusupov with 4,5:2,5 ( 3, -1, = 3), but was defeated in the semifinals in Sanghi Nagar Gata Kamsky with 4: 6, after the competition regularly 4:4 ( 2, -2, = 4) and ended Kamsky the crucial rapid games won 2-0. 1995 met both players in the final of the PCA Candidates tournament in Las Palmas again meet: This time Anand won with 6,5:4,5 ( 3, -1, = 7) and was the Russians challenger Garry Kasparov.
World title fight in 1995 and stagnation
The world championship fight in 1995 was held under the PCA organizer in the South Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. Anand, who went in the ninth game lead after first eight draws, defeated defending champion Kasparov after 18 games with 7,5:10,5 ( 1, -4, = 13). 1996 Anand won jointly with Vladimir Kramnik, the traditional tournament in Dortmund, a year later, also shared with Kramnik in Dos Hermanas. In 1997, he succeeded in the newly established KO FIDE World Cup in Groningen a brilliant victory ( he defeated in the final Michael Adams), but this meant first place only to qualify for the competition with the reigning FIDE World Champion Anatoly Karpov. The competition took place just three days later in January 1998 in Lausanne and regularly ended 3:3 ( 2, -2, = 2), but in rapid chess jump to Karpov proved to be less tired and defeated Anand, who played an exhausting tournament in Groningen had 2-0. The FIDE changed the rules after protests compete and let the defending champion at upcoming events already in the first round. 1998 won Anand, again shared with Kramnik, the traditional tournament in Wijk aan Zee. In 1999, he defeated Karpov in a computer-supported competition in León 5-1 ( 4, -0 = 2).
World Champions FIDE 2000
In the FIDE World Chess Championship 2000 in New Delhi Anand achieved his greatest success so far: After finishing the lengthy co- competitions he stood together with Alexei Shirov fixed as a finalist. A few days later, he defeated the Spaniard in the final match, held in Tehran, with 3,5:0,5 and was FIDE World Champion.
The years 2001-2009
In 2001 he won in Mérida, but was in the FIDE World Championship in Moscow not defend his title and was eliminated in the semifinals against Vasyl Ivanchuk with 1,5-2,5 ( 0, -1, = 3) from. In 2002 he won the FIDE World Cup in Hyderabad ( by a 1.5:0.5 - final victory over Rustam Kasimjanov ). In 2003, he won the official FIDE Rapid Chess World Championship in Cap d' Agde. In the same year he won in Wijk aan Zee. In 2004 he repeated this victory and also won in Dortmund. He finished second in Wijk aan Zee in Sofia in 2005. He was in the FIDE World Championship Tournament in San Luis ( Argentina) in 2005, which was held as doppelrundiges Roller tournament, shared second place behind the Bulgarian Veselin Topalov. Anand achieved, as well as the Russian Pyotr Svidler, 8.5 out of 14 In the year 2006 he started with a tournament victory ( shared with Topalov ) in Wijk aan Zee. On the April 2006 FIDE world rankings Anand ranks with an Elo of over 2800 This brand broke through only three players in front of him. Russians Garry Kasparov and Vladimir Kramnik and Bulgarian Veselin Topalov.
As a specialty Anand applies the rapid chess. He played in his youth, his tournament games at a breathtaking pace, for which he has in India given the nickname "Lightning Kid". Particularly impressive is his winning streak in the rapid chess tournament Chess Classic, held until 2000 in Frankfurt am Main and is discharged in Mainz since 2001. Today the winner of this tournament, which often took the form of a duel is considered as unofficial rapid chess world champion. Except in the years 1996, 1999 and 2009, Anand won it every year, in 2008, already the ninth time in a row and with the victories of 1997 and 1998, the total eleventh time. Since 2006, this rapid chess tournament will be publicly titled and sponsored by a financial company as a world championship. With the rapid chess FIDE World Champion from 2003, and its 11 rapid chess tournament victories and title defenses at the Frankfurt Chess Classic and the Chess Classic Mainz Anand is twelve times world champion in chess; Beginning of August 2009, Levon Aronian but picked this item.
Winning the world title in 2007 and further success
In 2007 he won the tournament tradition of Morelia / Linares ( eight participants, double round ) with 8.5 points from 14 games. In two other tournaments in Wijk aan Zee ( 5th place) and Dortmund ( 4th place) average Anand did well, but was always placed behind world champion Kramnik. In the World Cup tournament in Mexico City ( 13 to 29 September 2007) Anand won with 9.0 points from 14 games ahead of second place Vladimir Kramnik and reached the peak of his career: By winning Anand ascended the summit of the reunited chess world, took over from Vladimir Kramnik, and was the 15th world chess champion in continuity since Wilhelm Steinitz.
After his tie for third place in the first " super-GM tournament " of 2008, in Wijk aan Zee in January, Anand repeated his previous success in Morelia and Linares: with 8.5 points from 14 games he won with a half points ahead of Magnus Carlsen. In October 2008, Anand defended his title by a 6,5:4,5 victory in the World Chess Championship 2008 in Bonn against Vladimir Kramnik. In the World Chess Championship 2010 in Sofia, he defended his title against Veselin Topalov with 6,5:5,5. In the World Chess Championship 2012 in Moscow to defend the title against Boris Gelfand managed by 6:6 in the regular games only in the rapid chess tiebreak with 2.5:1.5.
In November 2013, he played in his hometown of Chennai, formerly Madras, a World Championship fight against challenger Magnus Carlsen, where he lost his title.
Profit of the candidate Tournament 2014
In March 2014, Anand was after the 13th round of 14 laps of the Candidates Tournament Khanty-Mansiysk in 2014 as the sole winner is determined. He can once again compete against the reigning world champion Magnus Carlsen in November 2014.
Games
- Anand - Räcäbov, Dortmund 2003
Chess Bundesliga
Since the season 2002/ 03 Anand plays in the German Bundesliga chess at the OSG Baden -Baden. There he came so far in 44 games available for use, scoring 33.5 points (May 2012).
Game style
Anand was in his youth as an exceptional talent. He has a quick mind and an intuitive understanding of the essential features of a position. Initially, it cost him trouble to concentrate on chess and systematically working on improving his game. Even in 1992 did not seem to count among his strong points the endgame technique. Throughout his career, his style matured, so he is now as a player, which has obvious weaknesses in any phase of the game. His opening preparation is at a high level, where it is not fixed to particular systems and can surprise his opponent with unexpected variations. He's a good computer, looks tactical turns very quickly and therefore is rarely pressed for time. But strategic positions and technical playoffs he treats strong, his style can therefore be considered as universal.
Awards
1987 gave the Indian government Anand Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan 2001 and Padma Vibhushan 2008. In 1992 he received the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna. It was 1997, 1998, 2004, 2005, 2007 and 2008 won the Chess Oscar for best player of the year. He has 6 Oscars third of the time list behind Garry Kasparov (11 Oscars ) and Anatoly Karpov (9). The CNN - IBN elected him to the Indian sportsman of the year 2007.
So far, six of his wins have been awarded by the Chess Informant jury as the best of the relevant half-year:
- Anand - Ftáčnik, Biel 1993
- Anand - Karpov, Las Palmas 1996
- Anand - Lautier, Biel 1997
- Anand - Bologan, Dortmund 2003
- Anand - Adams, San Luis 2005
- Aronian - Anand, Mexico City 2007
Private
Since June 1996 Anand is married to Aruna ( b. 1975 ) and is managed by it. It promotes chess schools in India, supports social projects and is Brahman. In 2005, he collected donations for example, an organization that campaigns against polio. Anand speaks several languages fluently, including Spanish and German. 2011 got the pair a son.
Works
- My best games of chess. Olms, Zurich 1998, ISBN 3-283-00351-3.