Žilina
Žilina ( Žilina German or Silein, Hungarian Zsolna, Polish Zylina, latin Solna ) is a center of Northwest Slovakia and has around 85,000 inhabitants. The city is capital of the district Žilina ( Žilinský ) and the namesake and most important city of the homonymous district Žilina.
- 7.1 Railway
- 7.2 Urban Transport
- 7.3 street
- 7.4 Air Traffic
Geography
Zilina is located in the valley Žilinská kotlina ( Žilina boiler), close to the borders with the Czech Republic and Poland and is surrounded by numerous mountain ranges. These include Javorníky in the northwest, Kysucká highlands in the northeast, Mala Fatra in the east and south and Súľovské Hills in the southwest, all belonged to the Western Carpathians. The main river is the Waag, which here flows from east to west and in the city of two rivers is recording: the Kysuca from the north and the south of Rajčianka. Žilina is also the largest city located on the Waag. In the immediate vicinity of the city are located on the Waag two reservoirs: the Hričov Reservoir (2.53 km ² ) to the west and the newer Žilina Reservoir (2.55 km ²) in the east. Both are adjacent to the flood protection as well as tourism and power generation. The capital Bratislava is located 200 km southwest. The city covers an area of 80.028 km ², the altitude of the marketplace ( Mariánske námestie ) is 345 m nm
History
Early history and the Middle Ages
The city of Žilina is an old settlement site ( Paleolithic, Lusatian culture, Púchov Culture ). During the period of Great Moravia was located here a Slavic / Slovak settlement. In the 12th century it was a Romanesque church.
In the Middle Ages Žilina was only a small town ( less than 1,000 inhabitants). The first source of evidence dates from 1208 in the form of terra de Selinan ( see below). The center of the ancient Slavic city of Žilina was located near the Church of St. Stephen the King in Rudiny district. The church remained to this day as the only monument from this period.
Near the ancient city that was destroyed at the end of the 13th century, put German colonists from the Silesian principality of Teschen beginning of the 14th century a new settlement. Before the year 1312 Žilina became a city. 1321 got Žilina by the king Charles Robert market rights and the right miles awarded. The city became the center of trade, commerce and management for many municipalities in the north-western Slovakia. Among the most valuable documents is designated as a privilege per Slavis charter of King Louis the Great from the year 1381st With this certificate, social, economic and above all national contradictions between Slovaks and Germans were regulated. The king ordered that the city council is occupied by the Germans and Slovaks equal what was allegedly " practiced ever since the founding of the city that way." The proportion of the German population had already increased this time significantly.
City law book
The old city law book is a very important language monument: The first part of 1378 in the late Middle High German includes the Magdeburg rights and some prayers. The second part of 1473 contains the translation of the first part in a slowakisiertes Czech. It is the oldest preserved legislative text, which was written in former Slovak official language. The third part of 1380-1524 contains several entries in German, Latin, and in slowakisiertem Czech.
Modern Times
In the 16th century the city became Protestant. 1610, the important Synod of Žilina was held here, which laid down a Protestant church organization in Royal Hungary for the first time. Towards the end of the 17th century, however, a strong recatholicization and led because of the fierce resistance of the local citizens in 1691 to a contract under which the now free royal city lost its rights and was reduced to a vassal town.
As a result of prolonged fighting, a plague of locusts ( 1693), damage caused by floods, fires (1521 and 1678 the city burned almost completely off ) and plague epidemics (1710 and 1713), the city declined late 18th and early 19th century economically.
19th and 20th centuries
To an economic recovery, it came after the upgrading of the railway Košice - Bohumín (1871 ) and the Waag - line (1883 ). The city became an important railway junction and so received a decisive impulse for the development of industry (1891 textile mill, 1892 Fertilizer Plant, 1896 electric motor factory and others).
From December 11 1918 to February 3, 1919, Žilina seat of the first (temporary) Slovak government in Czechoslovakia under the chairmanship Vavro Šrobárs. Slovak autonomy within Czechoslovakia was declared on October 6, 1938 here again. The city was also the site of the first battles of the Slovak National Uprising.
After the Second World War, many new companies have emerged here (large plate plant, cold storage, brick plant, steel structures and other ) and the University of Žilina ( 1953).
1949-1960 and since 1996 was Žilina seat of a Regional Association.
The following municipalities of the city were connected: Bánová (1970), Budatín (1949 ), Bytčica (1970), Považský Chlmec (1970), Trnové (1970) and Závodie (1949 ).
21st Century
Near the city in the years 2004-2006 was the car plant of Kia Motors Slovakia. It is considered the first European work of Kia Group.
History of the town name
The first source of evidence dates from 1208 in the form of terra de Selinan. The Slovak name is either from the personal name Zila possessive ending -ina ( "The Village ) of Zila ( " ), or from the personal name Zilin ending- jane ( " The people of Zilin / the Žilins " ) is derived. The German and Hungarian form of the name arose from the Slovakian.
Attractions
The city of Žilina is similar to that of Bratislava designed as a very large pedestrian zone, dominate in the shops and restaurants.
Other points of interest:
- Very well preserved medieval square square with arcades, with: the old town hall
- The Jesuit church with a monastery
- Other churches: Catholic Parish and Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity (1400 built )
- Franciscan Church (1730 built )
- Evangelical Church (1936 built )
- Synagogue (1934 built )
- Castle Budatín in the district Budatín: a moated castle on the north bank of the Vah, which was built after 1545 to a Gothic watchtower from the 13th century around. The tower was used for a long time as a customs station. Finally, the castle was rebuilt in 1849-1923 Classical style. Today, the castle houses a museum whose permanent exhibition dedicated to the tinker's work. At present the castle is ( as of summer 2008 ) for restoration inaccessible.
Sports
The football club MŠK Žilina plays in the Corgoň league, the highest Slovak League and has been six times Slovakian champion. In the 2010/11 season they managed to qualify for the group stage of the UEFA Champions League, joined from there, however, as a group last. Another sports team is the ice hockey club MsHK Žilina, which participates in the Extraliga, and has not won the league once.
Boroughs
The city is officially from the following 15 districts:
Traffic
Railway
Žilina is a rail junction and is located at the ends of the railway lines from Bratislava and Košice, almost exactly in the middle of the rail link Bratislava - Žilina - Poprad - Kosice. There is also a local railway to Rajec. Another main route leads over Čadca to Ostrava and Prague and Katowice. Additionally, there is a regional rail link to Rajec. Bratislava and Košice are accessible by high-speed trains in 2 -hour intervals. The much faster InterCity trains run less often, with them, the drive takes 2:30 to Bratislava, Kosice to 2:40. In international traffic, there are regular connections to Vienna, Katowice, Warsaw, Krakow, Prague, Brno, Budapest and Kiev.
City traffic
There are several trolleybus routes and a local bus system.
Road
Žilina is located on the unfinished D1, which will connect Bratislava with Košice, and the partially completed D3. Currently, only state roads lead to Zilina. In the meantime you can reach via the D1 Žilina well as the motorway from Bratislava was completed up to the city limits of Žilina. Still missing is the connection in the direction of Košice. Other state roads lead north to the Czech Republic and Poland (called I/11 ), Martin and Bytča ( I/18 ) and Prievidza ( I/64 ).
Three European highways intersect in Žilina: 50, 75 and 442
Traffic
The Žilina Airport is an international airport with the IATA identifier OSR and an ICAO identifier LZZI.
Sons and daughters of the town
- Cseszneky Jakab, Hungarian aristocrat of the 13th century
- Elias Ladiver (1631-1686), a Hungarian teacher
- Viktor Tausk (1879-1919), psychoanalyst
- Lubomir Feldek (* 1936), writer
- Darius Rusnák ( born 1959 ), ice hockey player
- Stanislav Griga ( b. 1961 ), football coach
- Ondák ( b. 1966 ), artist
- Riška Martin ( b. 1975 ), cyclist
- Marek Mintal ( b. 1977 ), football player
- Ronald Petrovický ( born 1977 ), ice hockey player
- Zuzana Babiaková (born 1978 ), figure skater
- Peter Divis (born 1978 ), volleyball player
- Karol Križan ( born 1980 ), ice hockey goalkeeper
- Radoslav Židek (* 1981), Snowboarder
- Roman Patkoló (* 1982 ), double bass player
- Dušan Kuciak ( born 1985 ), football player
- Tomáš Bezdeda ( born 1985 ), singer
- Peter Pekarík ( born 1986 ), football player
- Lukáš Divis ( born 1986 ), volleyball player
- Peter Sagan (* 1990), cyclocross, mountain bike and road bicycle racer