Abida secale
Rye grain auger ( Abida secale )
The rye grain auger ( Abida secale ) is a terrestrial snail from the family of the grain auger ( Chondrinidae ).
Features
The housing is cylindrical in shape with 8.5 to 10 (rarely 11 or more) weakly convex whorls. It is 6 to 8.5 mm ( max. 11 mm) high and measures 2.3 to 2.8 mm in thickness. The housing is bellied, i.e., the greatest thickness is reached about half of the housing height, approximately 6 to 7 turns. However, the precise form is highly variable, and the height to thickness ratio. This led to the elimination of many local breeds and shapes. The shell is brown to reddish brown when fresh and translucent. The surface is finely ribbed regularly. This striation is often less clearly developed on the last two whorls. In young animals the case is often covered with dirt and rock dust.
The mouth is slightly elliptical, slightly higher than wide. The thickened by a lip edge is folded, but interrupted in the parietal region. In the mouth protrude up to nine "teeth" and a parietal callus; the Angularzahn is embodied stronger than the Parietalzahn. The three strong Palatalfalten ( teeth ) are long and can also be seen from the outside as a strip. Suprapalatal lies deep in the mouth of a small tooth, a deep lamellar reaching into the mouth Angularzahn. Located between the mouth edge and the Angularzahn subangular to a smaller short tooth, parietal also a smaller gear and a strong Columellarzahn which is substantially greater than the Infracolumellarzahn. Also basally there may be a narrow, small tooth. The mouth is internally dyed brown. The umbilicus is open; it is not a neck ridge present.
Geographic occurrence and habitat
The rye grain snail lives on sunlit rocks and screes in the forest, but also in open areas such as dry grass. In France also deposits on dry, sunny and stone-free meadows are known. It is found only in areas with calcareous subsoil. They overwinter at sites with rocks and rock scree, dead plant parts. In Switzerland, the type occur up to 2700 m above sea level.
Way of life
The rye grain snail crawling but not only on the stones around, but also on plant stems and even trees. You grazes algae and lichens that are chipped with the help of the radula.
System
The species seems currently understood in rapid evolution. Currently, the following subspecies are distinguished.
- Abida secale affinis ( Rossmassler, 1839)
- Abida secale andorrensis ( Bourguignat, 1863)
- Abida secale bofilli ( Fagot, 1884)
- Abida secale brauniopsis Altimira, 1963
- Abida secale brongersmai E. Gittenberger, 1973
- Abida secale Cadica ( Westerlund, 1902)
- Abida secale cadiensis E. Gittenberger, 1973
- Abida secale ionicae Kokshoorn & E. Gittenberger, 2010
- Abida secale lilietensis ( Bofill, 1886)
- Abida secale margaridae Bech, 1993
- Abida secale meridionalis Martínez- Ortí, Gómez & Faci, 2004
- Abida secale merijni Kokshoorn & E. Gittenberger, 2010
- Abida secale petersi Kokshoorn & E. Gittenberger, 2010
- Abida secale saxicola ( Moquin - Tandon, 1843)
- Abida secale secale ( Draparnaud, 1801)
- Abida secale tuxensis ( Westerlund, 1902)
- Abida secale vilellai Kokshoorn & E. Gittenberger, 2010
Endangering
The rye grain auger is at risk, especially in England by the destruction of habitats, such as intensive forest management. However, in Germany and Austria it is still little risk. After the assessment of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources ( IUCN), the species is not endangered overall.