Adenostemma

Adenostemma is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). The genus is widespread pantropical with 20 to 26 species, so it will arrive in the tropics and subtropics before the world.

  • 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

The Adenostemma species grow as annuals or perennial herbaceous plants. The leaves are arranged opposite constantly on the stem. The simple leaf blade is narrow elliptic to broadly ovate or pike -shaped with pointed to slightly tapered at the top. The leaf margin is more or less smooth, cut notched or serrated to strong.

Inflorescences, flowers and fruits

In loose, schirmtraubigen, total paniculate inflorescences are the basket- shaped partial inflorescences. The flower heads are bell-shaped or spherical. In two or three rows of the 10 to 30 are identically shaped, herbaceous bracts ( Involucralblätter ) that have grown more or less at its base and can cover more or less. The flat inflorescence base ( Rezeptaculum ) has, depending on the type chaff leaves possess. There are no ray florets ( ray florets ) available.

The 10 to 60 florets ( = disc florets ) are hermaphroditic. The usually white or sometimes mauve petals are fused into a narrow funnel-shaped corolla tube, the wide bell shape expands and ends up with four or five Kronzähnen. The corolla tube is externally covered with hair or glands. The Kronzähne are one and a half times longer than wide. The anthers are truncated at its base or trimmed. The two style branches are elongated and dilated above and dull, sometimes more or less kronblattartig, and outside papillose.

The obovate - oblong achenes are three - to five -edged with a glandular- dotted or warty surface. The pappus consists of three to five bristles, each crowned by a round or club-shaped mass of glutinous gland.

Chromosome number

The basic chromosome number is x = 10

Dissemination

The genus has a pantropical distribution Adenostemma. Species occur in tropical Asia, Africa, the Neotropics and two types in Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Northern Territory ) ago.

System

The first publication of the genus Adenostemma was Johann Reinhold Forster in 1775 and Georg Forster in Characteres Generum Plantarum, p 45, Table 45 Quoted was this genre in JRForst. & G.Forst. Characteres Generum Plantarum, 2nd edition, 1776, pp. 89-90, Table 45 The type species is Adenostemma viscosum JRForst. & G.Forst .. A synonym for Adenostemma JRForst. & G.Forst. is Lavenia Swartz.

The genus belongs to the subtribe Adenostemma Adenostemmatinae from the tribe Eupatorieae in the subfamily herbaceous within the family Asteraceae.

In the genus Adenostemma there are 20 to 26 species:

  • Adenostemma berteroi DC.
  • Adenostemma brasilianum ( Pers.) Cass.
  • Adenostemma caffrum DC:. These annual plant grows in swamps and locations where fresh water is available during the rainy season. It is widespread in Africa. In the Red List of Threatened Species IUCN she is known as " Least Concern " = " not at risk " rating.
  • Adenostemma cuatrecasasii R.M.King & H.Rob.
  • Adenostemma fosbergii R.M.King & H.Rob.
  • Adenostemma glutinosum DC.
  • Adenostemma goyazense R.M.King & H.Rob.
  • Adenostemma harlingii RMKing & H.Rob. It is known only from a single Aufsammlung 1980 in a disturbed area near Baeza, Ecuador. Although in a large area around this location around several collecting expeditions have been made this way could be found no more time. This forest at an altitude of about 200 meters is considered endangered by deforestation. In the Red List of Threatened Species IUCN she is described as " Vulnerable " = " at risk " rating.
  • Adenostemma hirsutum (Blume ) DC.
  • Adenostemma hirtiflorum Benth.
  • Adenostemma involucratum R.M.King & H.Rob.
  • Adenostemma lanceolatum Miq.
  • Adenostemma Lavenia (L.) Kuntze
  • Adenostemma macrophyllum (Blume ) DC.
  • Adenostemma madurense DC.
  • Adenostemma perrottetii DC.
  • Adenostemma platyphyllum Cass.
  • Adenostemma renschiae J.Kost.
  • Adenostemma reticulatum DC.
  • Adenostemma suffruticosum Gardner
  • Adenostemma vargasii R.M.King & H.Rob.
  • Adenostemma Verbesina (L.) Sch.Bip.
  • Adenostemma vitiense H.Rob.
  • Adenostemma Zakii RMKing & H.Rob. It is known only from a single Aufsammlung of 1987 on the road Chillanes - Bucay at the Hacienda Tiquibuso in the Ecuadorian province of Bolívar. This mountain forest at altitudes 2000-2500 meters is threatened by deforestation. In the Red List of Threatened Species IUCN she is described as " Vulnerable " = " at risk " rating.

Swell

  • MF Porte agent: Adenostemma in the New South Wales Flora Online. (Section Description and dissemination )
  • Yilin Chen, Takayuki Kawahara & DJ Nicholas Hind: Eupatorieae Tribus: Adenostemma, pp. 881 - text the same online as printed work, In: Wu Zheng - Yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (Editor): Flora of China, Volume 20 - 21 - Asteraceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, November 12, 2011 ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 (Section Description and dissemination ).
Asteroideae Perennial plant Pappus (flower structure)
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