Eupatorieae

Ageratina adenophora

The Tribe Eupatorieae belongs to the subfamily herbaceous within the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). It contains about 167-181 plant genera with about 2000-2400 species.

  • 3.1 Alphabetical, complete genus list
  • 3.2 apomixis
  • 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

There are usually one- or two-year perennial herbaceous plants, rarely subshrubs, shrubs or small trees. Rarely are climbing plants, epiphytes, marsh or water plants. The mostly opposite ( in this they differ from many other Asteraceae ), rarely completely alternate, sometimes arranged in rosettes or whorled leaves are petiolate or sessile, usually with simple leaf blade.

Inflorescences and flowers

Often in branched, schirmtraubigen, paniculate, or sometimes aged men total inflorescences are the basket- shaped part inflorescences together. The sessile or stalked flower heads are always disk-shaped. Few to many bracts are cylindrical, bell-shaped or hemispherical together in one or two rows. In some species such as Eupatorium album or Liatris elegans the colored bracts are the most noticeable part of the inflorescence. The flat to convex, sometimes conical Körchenboden is usually naked and hairless or sometimes gehaart fluffy. In the basket- shaped inflorescence there are few to many, often four or five, rarely just one, usually only radiärsymmetrische tubular flowers, often at the edge also zygomorphe ray florets ( for example microspermum ), so-called ray florets.

All flowers are hermaphrodite and fertile and are usually smell it. The usually five, rarely four petals are funnel - up tubular fused with relatively short corolla lobes. The petals are white or reddish to bluish anthocyanins (from pink through purple to blue ), but never really bright yellow more than cream. The stamen tubes usually not protrude from the corolla tube. The upper appendage of anthers are mostly obtuse or acute, rarely entire or not lobed, rarely absent; they are at most as long as wide. The lower anther appendages are obtuse to rounded, short or almost absent. Nectaries are rarely recognized. The base of the style is glabrous or pubescent, sometimes with a swollen nodes; the remaining portion of the stylus is usually hairless. The two branches are elongate stylus culled up and dull with papillöser surface; they are often the most colorful parts of the flower. The style branches have long, sterile appendage with a blunt end.

Fruits

The egg-shaped to oblong achenes contain Phytomelanine in the walls and are therefore dark to blackish; they are usually three to fünfrippig, sometimes zehnrippig, rarely flattened me two ribs or a pentagon. In this tribe rarely lacks a pappus or is reduced to a bead or rim; usually he is clearly as a flight parachute ( as are present about the dandelion) formed from a usually, rarely two, rarely more rows to many Pappusborsten available from a few, rare, it consists of dandruff. The Pappusborsten are usually feinbärtig to slotted rarely feathery.

Dissemination

The distribution area is located in the New World. These tribes developed in the Neotropics. They thrive in subtropical, tropical and warm temperate regions. In Bolivia, about 40 genera occur. In North America, about 27 genera occur with about 159 species. One of the few species that is also found in Eurasia agrimony ( Eupatorium ). Some species are neophytes in many areas of the world. In China, ten genera occur, seven of them but only with naturalized or feral species.

System

The Tribe Eupatorieae contains about 167-182 genera with 2000-2400 species. It is in 17 subtribe (DJ Nicholas Hind & Harold E. Robinson, 2007), most of which 1980 by RMKing & Harold E. Robobinson in Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). CXCII. Validation of subtribes. Were Phytologia, Volume 46, pp. 446-450 situated, divided: in:

  • Subtribe Adenostemmatinae BLRob. Contains approximately three genera with 27-36 species: Adenostemma J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Figures 20 to 26 species have a pantropical distribution.
  • Gymnocoronis DC. The two to five species are widespread in the Neotropics: Gymnocoronis latifolia Hook. & Arn. It is variable and is divided by some authors into four types. It is widespread from Mexico to Guatemala.
  • Incorrect water friend ( Gymnocoronis spilanthoides ( ex Hook & Arn D.Don ) DC. .. ): It is widely used in South America as a marsh plant. In some areas it is an invasive plant.
  • Carterothamnus RMKing & H.Rob. Contains only one type: Carterothamnus anomalochaeta RMKing: It occurs only in the Mexican Baja California.
  • Oaxacania malvifolia B.L.Rob. & Greenm. Thrives on rock walls in Tomellin Canyon area in the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
  • Sclerolepis Cass. Contains only one type: Sclerolepis uniflora (Walter ) Britton: The home of the eastern United States.
  • Shinnersia rivularis ( A. Gray ) RMKing & H.Robinson: The home state is Texas and northern Mexico.

Alphabetical, full species list

There are about 167-182 genera in the tribe Eupatorieae:

  • Acanthostyles R. M. King & H.Rob. Contains only one type: Acanthostyles buniifolius ( Hook. ex Hook & Arn. ). RMKing & H.Rob. It is in South America, widely distributed from southern Brazil and central Bolivia to Argentina.
  • Adenocritonia adamsii RMKing & H.Rob. It occurs only in Jamaica.
  • Amolinia heydeana ( BLRob. ) RMKing & H.Rob. It occurs in southern Mexico and Guatemala.
  • Antillia brachychaeta ( BLRob. ) RMKing & H.Rob. It occurs only in Cuba.
  • Bahianthus viscosus ( Spreng. ) RMKing & H.Rob. It occurs only in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Bishopiella elegans RMKing & H.Rob. It occurs only in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Blakeanthus cordata RMKing & H.Rob. It is distributed in Central America.
  • Campovassouria cruciata ( Vell. ) RMKing & H.Rob. It is widespread from Brazil to Argentina.
  • Castanedia santamartensis RMKing & H.Rob. It is an endemic of Sierra de Santa Marta in northern Colombia.
  • Ciceronia chaptalioides Urb. It occurs only in Cuba.
  • Conocliniopsis prasiifolia ( DC.) RMKing & H.Rob. It occurs in Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil.
  • Corethamnium chocoensis RMKing & H.Rob. From it there is only the type specimen from Colombia.
  • Crossothamnus weberbaueri ( Jerome, ) RMKing & H.Rob. This endemic species occurs in a relatively small area in the mountainous peruanischisch Department of Amazonas.
  • Dissothrix imbricata ( Gardner) Robinson: It occurs in northern Brazil, but was no longer collected in the last 50 years.
  • Ellenbergia glandulata Cuatrec. It is known only from two collections made from Urubamba in Peru.
  • Erythradenia pyramidalis ( BLRob. ) RMKing & H.Rob. It occurs in Mexico.
  • Eupatorina sophiifolia (L.) RMKing & H.Rob. It occurs only on Hispaniola.
  • Eupatoriopsis hoffmanniana Hieron. From it there is only the type material from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.
  • Garberia heterophylla ( W.Bartram ) Merrill & F.Harper: It grows at altitudes from 0 to 10 feet in Florida.
  • Gardnerina angustata ( Gardner) RMKing & H.Rob. From it there is only the type material from the Brazilian state of Goias.
  • Gongrostylus costaricensis ( Kuntze ) RMKing & H.Rob. It grows as a climbing, epiphytic plant along the slopes of the Atlantic coast of Costa Rica to Panama and along the slopes of the Pacific coast of Colombia to Ecuador.
  • Goyazianthus Tetrastichus ( BLRob. ) RMKing & H.Rob. It occurs only in the Brazilian state of Goias.
  • Gymnocondylus galeopsifolius ( Gardner) RMKing & H.Rob. From it there is still only the type material from the Brazilian state of Goias.
  • Hartwrightia floridana A. Gray ex S.Watson: It thrives at a few sites with elevations ranging from 0 to 30 meters in Florida and Georgia.
  • Hughesia reginae RMKing & H.Rob. It is home to Peru. It is a liana.
  • Lepidesmia squarrosa Klatt: It occurs in Cuba and in northern South America.
  • Leptoclinium trichotomum ( Gardner) Benth. From it there is still only the type material from the Brazilian state of Goias.
  • Litrisa carnosa ' Small: only comes in Florida before at altitudes between 60 and 100 meters.
  • Lorentzianthus viscidus ( Hook. & Arn. ) RMKing & H.Rob. It occurs in Argentina and Bolivia.
  • Malperia tenuis S.Watson: It thrives in California and the Mexican states of Baja California, Baja California Sur and Sonora.
  • Matudina corvi ( McVaugh ) RMKing & H.Rob. It is native to Mexico.
  • Metastevia hintonii Grashof: It is native to Mexico.
  • Mexianthus mexicanus BLRob. It is native to western Mexico.
  • Climbing Mikanie ( Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. )
  • Monogereion carajensis GMBarroso & RMKing: It occurs only in the Brazilian state of Pará.
  • Neohintonia monantha ( Sch.Bip. ) RMKing & H.Rob. It is native to Mexico.
  • Nesomia chiapensis BLTurner: It is native to Mexico.
  • Nothobaccharis Candolleana ( Steud. ) RMKing & H.Rob. It is native to Peru.
  • Osmiopsis Plumeri ( Urb. & Ekman ) RMKing & H.Rob. It is native to Haiti.
  • Pachythamnus crassirameus ( BLRob. ) RMKing & H.Rob. It is native to southern Mexico.
  • Paneroa stachyofolia ( BLRob. ) EESchill. This endemic species occurs only in the Mixteca Alta region before the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
  • Parapiqueria cavalcantei RMKing & H.Rob. It comes only in a relatively small area in front of the Brazilian state of Pará.
  • Piqueriella brasiliensis RMKing & H.Rob. It is native to Brazil.
  • Piqueriopsis Michoacana RMKing: It thrives between lava rocks in southwestern Mexico.
  • Platypodanthera melissifolia ( DC.) RMKing & H.Rob. It occurs only in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Polyanthina nemorosa ( Klatt ) RMKing & H.Rob. She comes from Costa Rica to Bolivia before.
  • Praxeliopsis mattogrossensis GMBarroso: from it there is only the type material from the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso.
  • Prolobus nitidulus ( Baker) RMKing & H.Rob. It occurs only on the coast of the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Pseudokyrsteniopsis perpetiolata RMKing & H.Rob. It occurs in Mexico and Guatemala.
  • Santosia talmonii RMKing & H.Rob. It occurs only in the southern part of the Brazilian state of Bahia. It is a liana.
  • Sartorina schultzii RMKing & H.Rob. From it there is only the type material of uncertain origin.
  • Scherya bahiensis RMKing & H.Rob. From it there is only the type material from the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Semiria viscosa DJNHind: It occurs only in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Siapaea liesneri Pruski: It occurs in Venezuela on Amazon.
  • Sphaereupatorium scandens ( Gardner) RMKing & H.Rob. It occurs in Bolivia and Brazil.
  • Standleyanthus triptychus ( BLRob. ) RMKing & H.Rob. From it there is only the type specimen from Costa Rica.
  • Tamaulipa azurea ( APDC. ) RMKing & H.Rob. , The home state is Texas and northeastern Mexico.
  • Uleophytum scandens Hieron. From it there is only the type material from Peru. It is a liana.
  • Urolepis hecatantha ( DC.) RMKing & H.Rob. It comes from northern Argentina to Uruguay and Brazil, and to Paraguay and Bolivia before.
  • Viereckia tamaulipasensis RMKing & H.Rob. It is native to Mexico.
  • Zyzyura mayana ( Pruski ) H.Rob. & Pruski: It occurs in Belize.

Apomixis

Apomixis, which includes a asexual reproduction by seed is likely to play an important role in the formation of diversity in some genera of the tribe Eupatorieae. In apomixis is always polyploidy and hybrid formation often present. Apomictic polyploidy example, was documented in Eupatorium in eastern North America. About apomixis in Tribus Eupatorieae been reported for Ageratina, Campovassouria, Chromolaena, Eupatorium, Gyptis and Praxelis.

Use

Species from the tribe Eupatorieae play a certain role in phytotherapy.

Some species and their varieties are used as ornamental plants. As bedding and balcony plant used houstonianum varieties of Ageratum, also from the genus Liatris there are some ornamental plants.

Swell

  • Theodore M. Barkley, Luc Brouillet & John L. Strother: Asteraceae tribe Eupatorieae, pp. 459 - Registered as text printed work. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 21: Magnoliophyta: unranked, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3 ( Heliantheae, Eupatorieae ). Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 30 June, 2006, ISBN 0-19-530565-5. ( Description section )
  • Yilin Chen, Takayuki Kawahara & DJ Nicholas Hind: Tribe Eupatorieae, pp. 879 - text the same online as printed work, In: Wu Zheng - Yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (Editor): Flora of China, Volume 20-21 - Asteraceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, November 12, 2011. ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 (Section Description and dissemination )
  • Jose L. Panero & Vicki A. Funk: The value of sampling anomalous taxa in phylogenetic studies: Major clades of the Asteraceae revealed, In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 47 (2 ), 2008, pp. 757-782.
  • Harold Robinson, A. Michael Powell, Gerald D. Carr, Robert M. King & James F. Weedin: Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XVI: Eupatorieae II, In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Volume 76, Issue 4, 1989, pp. 1004-1011. doi: 10.2307/2399689
  • Edward Schilling & Panero Jose: The Eupatorieae Web site. ( Section systematics)
  • DJ Nicholas & Harold E. Robinson: Tribe Eupatorieae, in: Joachim W. Kadereit & Charles Jeffrey: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Volume VIII, Springer- Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007.
  • Harold Robinson, Edward Schilling & Jose L. Panero: Eupatorieae, Pages 731-744, In: Vicki A. Funk, A. Susanna, TF Stuessy & RJ Bayer ( Editor): Systematics, evolution, and biogeography of Compositae, 2009 Full Text. - PDF.
Asterids Asteroideae Henri Cassini Vine Pappus (flower structure) Chromolaena odorata Andes El Salvador Georgia (U.S. state) Honduras Cordillera de Talamanca Tepui The Bahamas Mikania scandens Ageratum houstonianum Digital Object Identifier
320200
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