Aeromonadales
Aeromonas hydrophila
The Aeromonadales are an order of Gammaproteobacteria, which consists of two families, the Aeromonadaceae and Succinivibrionaceae. Is rod-shaped, gram -negative bacteria. Also curved rods occur, as in the genus Succinivibrio. Types of Aeromonadaceae are facultative anaerobic, they can live without oxygen. The types of Succinivibrionaceae are mostly obligate anaerobes, they do not tolerate oxygen.
Characteristics and ecology
Some species of this order are movable by a polar flagellum, others are immobile (eg Ruminobacter the Succinivibrionaceae ). Types of Aeromonadaceae family are widespread and are found in marine, fresh - or brackish water. Different types of Aeromonas are psychrophilic ( cold- loving), so the type Aeromonas salmonicida is still at 2 ° C growth.
The Succinivibrionaceae produce in anaerobic metabolism by fermentation ( fermentation) succinate. This is known as succinogenen bacteria and Succinatgärung. Other end products of fermentation are acetate and formate. Types of Succinivibrionaceae are often rumen residents. Ruminobacter and Succinimonas come, for example, in the rumen of cattle before. Anerobiospirillum was found in the feces of dogs and cats.
Pathogens representatives
In the Aeromonadales are some pathogens for humans and various animal species, how to find fish and frogs. Aeromonas salmonicida, first described as Bacterium salmonicida end of the 19th century, is pathogenic for fish and the trigger of furunculosis, an infectious disease that occurs in various trout fishing. Achromobacter hydrophila is a pathogen of frogs, but can also be dangerous for humans.
Anaerobiospirillum thomasii ( Succinivibrionaceae ) is a human pathogen and causative agent of diarrhea. Different types of Aeromonas, particularly the species A. hydrophila and A. sobria are also pathogenic for humans. Wound infections and blood poisoning ( sepsis) can be caused by Aeromonas. Aeromonas hydrophila is considered as the causative agent of diarrhea ( diarrhea ) and gastrointestinal infections ( gastroenteritis ), but is this topic under discussion and not yet fully understood.
System
The following genera are included in the two families:
- Aeromonadaceae Colwell et al. 1986 Aeromonas Stanier 1943
- Oceanimonas Corrig. Brown et al. 2001
- Oceanisphaera Romanenko et al. 2003
- Tolumonas Fischer- Romero et al. 1996
- Zobellella Lin and Shieh 2006
- Succinivibrionaceae Hippe et al. 1999 Anerobiospirillum Davis et al. 1976
- Ruminobacter (ex Sijpesteijn 1949) Stackebrandt and Hippe 1987
- Succinatimonas Morotomi et al. 2010
- Succinimonas Bryant et al. 1958
- Succinivibrio Bryant and Small 1956