Agaricus bisporus
Breeding and mushroom (Agaricus bisporus )
The Zweisporige Egerling (Agaricus bisporus syn. Brunnecens Agaricus, Agaricus hortensis ), often known as a breeding and mushroom and marketed under various fancy names ( for example Portobello ), a type of fungus is from the genus of chestnut mushrooms (Agaricus ). He is the world's most widely cultivated edible mushroom and can occur through breeding activities in different sizes and color variations. The name Agaricus bisporus was preserved.
- 6.1 edibility
- 6.2 ingredients
- 7.1 Literature
- 7.2 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The hat of the breeding mushrooms is initially spherical to hemispherical, later convex to flattened, bent and wavy in age and reaches diameter of 5 to 13 centimeters. The hat surface is depending on the strain white, beige or brown in color, smooth and matt, and later from the edge in concentrically arranged, pressed- shed tearing up. The brim is smooth, the blades bent down outstanding and long, at a young state it is hung with white Velumresten. The narrow strips are young pink to flesh-colored, with increasing maturity purple becoming brown to black, the fins sheaths are smooth and whitish. The cylindrical, sometimes tapered at the top stem is 5-8 inches long and 2-4 centimeters thick, it is full and rigid. About the ring he is pale gray and pink fine straight-grained, white underneath and straight-grained. The upper side grooved ring is white and ascending ( booted ), young thick and padded, later only a little above and edgy. The meat of the Zweisporigen Egerlings is white, only in the stem slightly yellowing at the stem base and the fins slightly reddening, the red color fades quickly. The taste is mildly aromatic and nutty, the smell is aromatic and slightly acidic. The spore powder is chocolate brown.
Microscopic characteristics
Main characteristic of Zweisporigen Egerlings are the zweisporigen basidia without Basalschnallen, but may also occur with viersporige forms. The spores are ellipsoid and from 55 to 8.5 microns long and 4 to 6.5 microns wide.
Artabgrenzung
The breeding and mushroom is characterized by its zweisporigen basidia. Externally, may be similar (Agaricus bitorquis ) of the city and mushroom. It has a two-part ring from an ascending and a descending section and firm flesh. The compost and mushroom (A. cappellianus ) has a brown hat and a hanging ring. The steppes and mushroom (A. litoralis ) also has a hanging ring.
Ecology
Like all mushroom species is the Zweisporige Egerling a Saprobiont growing on nutrient-rich substrates such as manure or compost. Field occurrence in Central Europe are found on the compost heap or greenhouses in gardens and parks. Less frequently they occur on forest and roadsides. Fruiting bodies appear mainly in spring and summer, less often in the fall. The cultivation of the species is at composted substrates which are made, for example, horses, chicken or cattle dung.
Dissemination
The Zweisporige Egerling is a cosmopolitan and was originally thought to be found on the northern hemisphere, in Asia, North Africa, Europe and North America. In addition, he was introduced worldwide. In North America, the species is found in Canada and the United States. In North Africa, there are discoveries in Morocco. In Asia, evidence exists from Israel, Korea, China and Japan. In Europe, incidence of Spain are up to the Hebrides scattered to moderately frequent. In Germany, the fungus is absent-minded in the field, often it is Verwilderungen. Partial local wild forms are displaced by culture refugees.
System
The var bisporus has brown Hutschuppen. The rarer var albidus has a white hat. In addition, there are several cultivars
Importance
Feed value
The mushroom culture is the most important cultivated edible mushroom world. He was first cultivated at the time of Louis XIV in Paris by Olivier de Serres. Due to its high content of vitamins, protein and fiber, as well as the low percentage of fat and calories is the mushroom in the diet of interest.
Ingredients
The mushroom consists of 90 % water, each about 3% from carbohydrates ( approximately a third of dietary fiber), egg white and about 0.3 % from fat. 100 g mushrooms contain about 16-22 kcal. Furthermore, it mainly includes the vitamins B2, B3, B5, B7 and B9, and vitamins D, E and K as well as potassium, iron, and zinc.
The breeding and mushroom is one of the few types of fungi that can be enjoyed raw harmless. In the fruiting bodies, however, the hydrazine derivative agaritine was detected, which occurs mainly in young specimens. The fungus also contains enzymes, which accelerate its degradation. The resulting materials are in owning a genotoxic or carcinogenic effect suspicion. Therefore, the raw consumption of the fruit body is connected with a certain risk.