Aging of Europe

The demographic change describes the trends of population growth, namely the changes with regard to

  • The age structure of the population,
  • The quantitative relationship between men and women,
  • The proportions of residents, foreigners and naturalized in the population,
  • Of births and deaths case development,
  • The inflows and Fort trains.

The impact on the individual federal states and the municipalities are different.

  • 4.1 Municipal demographics policy
  • 4.2 Programmes on demographic change
  • 4.3 student project in Bavaria
  • 4.4 Work World

Factors

  • In Germany, the aging structure is characterized by the fact that since 1972 the death rate (mortality) is higher than the birth rate. Thus, the Federal Republic of Germany to lose a total population.
  • Due to the higher life expectancy of the population while declining birth rate, the proportion of older people is increasing relative to the proportion of younger people.
  • The rate of inflows of migration in the last two decades, though falling steadily, but remains positive. Because of the upcoming 2011 vested in the labor market to workers from the newly entered the European Union countries, an annual net migration 100000-200000 people is expected. The immigrating to Germany foreign persons are on average younger than the continued pulling. The result for the remaining population in Germany a " rejuvenation effect", but the aging of the overall population as a whole does not cancel.
  • Emigration. Absolutely - that is divorced from the issue of citizenship - have emigrated in the year 2009 734.000 people from Germany. In the same period, 721,000 migrated to Germany. Of these, 606,000 were not German citizenship.

Effects

The impact of demographic change make legislators, local authorities, charities, business and citizens with new challenges.

Retirement

The statutory pension insurance in Germany is organized according to the principle of distribution. The so-called aging or lack of rejuvenation leads to the fact that more and more pensioners are less contributors over.

Health service

Health care and elderly care have to adapt to rising numbers of people requiring care and declining numbers for their care. The problem of long-term care there corresponds largely to the statutory pension insurance.

Property prices

Property prices are based on both supply / demand as well as on the possible achievable rental yield, which also depends on supply and demand. With increasing vacancy, the property prices will fall in the long run. Since many people rely on real estate (directly or indirectly via real estate funds), this has an effect on retirement.

State infrastructure

Demographic change means that the public infrastructure of the changed demand is adjusted. In the area of ​​kindergartens and schools a decline in enrollment is already significantly. Smaller classes lead in the longer term to the needs, schools and kindergartens to shrink and merge, on the other hand, thereby resulting in higher costs for fewer taxpayers.

Conversely, there is the need for additional facilities and capabilities in working with older people and the elderly.

Urban planning resulting from declining population the need of reducing the construction of new real estate and decommissioning of districts or the abandonment of entire settlements.

Economy

Population growth is a key driver of economic growth. Therefore, a reduction of the population to lower rates of economic growth leads ( in absolute terms, the evolution of GDP per capita is unaffected ).

World of work

The future development of the world of work is determined by the following features:

  • "Traditional" by the departure of employees, meaning thereby ensuring the loss of know -how the company's potential.
  • As prolongation of the residence time in the world of work for the employed, for example, by increasing the statutory retirement age or by changes in the working lives of women.
  • The working conditions and staff development are no longer tuned in majority on the younger full-time working employees.
  • The worlds of work are determined by increasingly rapid business and process transactions. In contrast is the "half -life of knowledge " phenomenon known as an expression of the loss expert knowledge: The value once reached personnel qualification expires quickly.
  • The learning ability in old age is still accepted in companies as small or weaker. The relevant studies have refuted this. The occupational culture of recognition of experience and knowledge is - if at all - only slightly more pronounced. The development and retention of competent staff is here to be equivalent to the dissemination of knowledge about the generations of employees.

Integration challenges

Although the immigration numbers have decreased in recent years, the annual number of immigrants is greater than the number of children born in Germany. As a consequence, the proportion of the resident population is shrinking permanently, while the number of immigrants continues to grow, even through their positive birth rate. In many large cities in the proportion of migrants is now above the 50 % threshold, which is not visible in official statistics due to the new Nationality Law from January 2000, as children born in Germany of foreign parents also get the German citizenship. Growing challenges for society in Germany to be justified with lower average educational qualifications, twice as high unemployment and three times the rate of immigrant benefit.

Measures

The political response so far mainly with measures concerning the impact of demographic change. There are hardly any measures aimed at the low birth rate.

Possible instruments of a cause-oriented policy are discussed:

  • Termination of discrimination against families with children in social security systems, implementation of the decisions of the Federal Constitutional Court on this issue.
  • Comprehensive care for children of preschool age in day care by well-trained specialists
  • Extension of the tax Ehegattensplitting to a family splitting, similar to France.
  • Exercise the right to vote by the parents for their children not yet eligible to vote in order to give the children a weight in policy decisions.
  • Extension of the promotion of women through the introduction of quotas mothers.

Local Demographics policy

Towns and cities begin to develop into the potential consequences of demographic change strategic concepts and politically predetermined goals. The balance of the generation ratio to be obtained by means of action by local family policy. Municipal infrastructure must take account of the increasing proportion of older people.

The city of Bielefeld in 2004 as the first West German commune a staff position Demographic development planning set up so that the population growth is taken into account in all urban planning. The object of demography officer Susanne Tatje it is, inter alia, across disciplines in future decisions to refer to the aspect of demographic trends and to develop a concept for the city and continue writing.

The town of Langenfeld Rhld. since 2002 controls the impact of demographic trends already in the past 12 years, the Council of the town of Langenfeld employed at the instigation of the first aldermen and demographics Officer Marion bounce in three fundamental decisions with the control-relevant implications of demographic trends in Langenfeld. : 2003, 2007 and 2010 While at the beginning the activities primarily to older and old citizens based ( establishing the " age-friendly city hall -. 2004 -, establishment of the network seniors - 2004 - establishment of the network dementia -2005 -, facilities of a voluntary agency under city sponsorship - 2005 - establishment of a Senior Fair - 2006 - and many others), the control mechanisms are interdisciplinary and intergenerational developed and implemented since 2007 the strict division into departments was abandoned in the field of demography matters relevant to all administrative and policy are focused by a coordination site. . coordinated and controlled. The activities range from urban development, building, transport, mobility, culture, education about the business: children / youth / / family / school / sports to the actual social and elderly affairs. Within the project " boy ... Alternative " develop nearly 100 allies intergenerational offers. Since 2013 under the heading " Neighborhood Development " the development of the six districts in Focus. The recognizable from several population surveys desire for a long as possible to remain in the familiar home environment following is the principle of " outpatient before inpatient " are filled with life. Details of the demographics concept and the individual projects under www.langenfeld.de.

Study Guide for demographic change

Since 2009 exists at the University of Stuttgart, the course Integrated gerontology, which explicitly deals with all facets of demographic change. The part-time Master's program here combines gerontological issues with engineering, social and behavioral science content.

With the help of this funded by the Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts Baden- Württemberg development, the University of Stuttgart tries to address the problem of demographic change early. The created through the collaboration of numerous institutions and the Robert Bosch Hospital interdisciplinarity ensures that graduates can provide an integrated solution strategies for a variety of areas from politics to administration, tourism, media, retail and personnel management.

The University of Rostock offers a master's degree in demography, and the doctoral program in Demographic Change in collaboration with the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research. Here, students of the Master programs demography, sociology and economics, the option already to take during her master's program courses of the PhD program and to take credit from the Master's thesis as Exposé for their planned dissertation ( PhD integrated path).

Student project in Bavaria

In about a quarter of the 71 Bavarian districts of the project "Population development of my community " has taken root, which contains demographic change at the community level. In the project students of all types of schools are integrated. Under supervision, the students create population projections for their own community over the next 25 years and make them available in the community. The community outcomes and the county result as the sum of the community results are then displayed on the homepage of the district.

As the first district in Bavaria, the district court has set the results on his website, followed by the district of Rhön - grave field and the cities Kaufbeuren, Munich and Erding.

World of work

With financial support from the European Social Fund (ESF ), the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs and a number of federal countries many occupational demography projects have been developed since 2005. There demographics consultants were trained and networked to advise the company in the implementation of a demographically - sensitive personnel development.

Studies and surveys, as commissioned by the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce, have revealed that many HR managers see demographic change as a challenge for their businesses.

Many companies in Germany have founded 2006 Demography network as a non-profit organization to promote the employment and employability of aging workers.

The first companies also begin to let the demographics analysis included in the strategic business planning. This proves the importance that is taking the issue in the future for companies.

Municipality Long-term care insurance Hof (district) Frankfurter Rundschau
227355
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