Air traffic obstacle

A aviation obstruction is an object that represents its height an obstacle for air transport. Obstacles can be next to buildings, vehicles, people, natural vegetation such as trees, etc., or even aircraft, provided they are located at the airport itself or in the immediate airfield environment.

Examples

Examples are power lines and high-rise buildings, especially the area near airports and telecommunication towers, tall chimneys, cranes and wind turbines. Problematic obstacles are also individual trees, groups of trees and forests as well as shrubs, where they penetrate the surfaces of the Bauschutzbereiches.

Obstacle detection

An obstacle detection takes place every 4 years at IFR aerodromes. For this, the airfield is flown at an altitude of about 3,000 m, while made ​​with a special camera images. So you can evaluate the exact height of various obstacles on the basis of Stereogrammetrie. This aerial survey is only possible in the planting phase of the trees and on a clear day, because only then present the essential shadows for evaluation.

Definition

According to the ICAO Convention Annex 14, the following definition applies (at least for aviation obstacles in airfield nearby):

In Germany there is a separate definition of obstacles, set in the guidelines of the BMVBS. Which is regulated by the German obstacle Directive NfL I 328 /01 ' obstacle clearance at airports with instrument flight operations. " For airports without IFR traffic obstacle Directive NfL is I 92/13 (PDF, 220 kB) " Common Principles of the federal and state governments for the installation and operation of airports for aircraft in visual flight mode" ( replaces the obsolete NfL I 327/ 01 " Construction and operation of aerodromes, air traffic point of view " ) is responsible.

Compulsory registration

In Germany have buildings with a height of more than 100 m above ground, in particularly exposed areas more than 30 m are reported by the building control authority to the aviation authority. The turn must obtain a statement from the German Air Traffic Control (DFS ) according to § 31 LuftVG, if the obstacle the surfaces of the existing Bauschutzbereiches § 12 or § 17 LuftVG LuftVG in connect with § penetrates 18 LuftVG. Obstacles higher 100 m above ground must be submitted to the DFS in general. In this opinion, the competent state aeronautical authority is not bound by, but will mostly stick to the opinion of the DFS and allow the obstacle may permit subject to conditions or refuse. The DFS enters the relevant obstacle in the relevant AIP AIP. Whether an identification is necessary, is also dependent on the opinion of DFS.

Airfield Affine obstacles are represented in the obstacle type A card AOC ( aerodrome obstacle chart ) in the AIP.

In Austria § 91 Aviation Act governs the disclosure requirement. To build or expand an airline obstacle outside of safety zones a special permit is required. The establishment or expansion of an aviation obstacle communicated to the competent aviation authority at least two months before the planned construction. This decides whether the project requires a special permit.

Identification

Outside the Bauschutzbereiche ( § 12 and § 17 LuftVG ) are in Germany works with heights of more than 100 m above ground, or in densely populated areas more than 150 m, orange - white or red - painted in gray at night with red lights and if necessary to identify a risk of fire. For structures, which are only partially to a characteristic aeronautical obstacle, the top third must be marked at least. The requirements are summarized in the general administrative provisions for the marking of aviation obstacles. In other countries, a red- white warning strip is common.

In individual cases, obstacles from 20 m height, such as overhead lines or cable cars are classified. ( For identification of overhead lines see also Wire Strike Protection System # marking of obstructions. )

For Austria, the proposed system is that the owner of an aviation obstacle is obliged to identify this at his expense. This is also true for the ongoing maintenance and the possible removal of the markings.

Obstacles must be marked in accordance with Civil Aerodrome Regulation with red and white stripes or checkerboard patterns, unless they are clearly recognizable by their shape and by its contrast with the background. Tight ropes and wires must be marked with orange warning bodies.

As far as the obstacle marking is not sufficient obstruction light (red light with a light intensity of at least 10 cd in all directions) must be installed. Obstacles that could cause a particular risk to the safety of navigation by its location or expansion, have instead of or in addition to the obstruction lights with hazard lights ( flashing red light, 20 to 60 times per minute with a light intensity of at least 2000 cd) be fired.