Akoris, Egypt

28.18888888888930.769444444444Koordinaten: 28 ° 11 ' 20 " N, 30 ° 46' 10" E

Tihna al - Jabal (Arabic طهنا الجبل, DMG Ṭihnā al - Ǧabal, also Tehne, Tehna or Akoris ) is a town and an archaeological site in Middle Egypt (Egypt) twelve kilometers north-east of al - Minya east of the Nile. The village is located west of the limestone mountains at the mouth of Wadi Tihnawi (Arabic الوادي الطهناوي, DMG al - Wādī aṭ - Ṭihnāwī, the Wadi of Ṭihnā ') reminds its southern rock in shape of a reclining lion.

History

The area of the village and the site in its south was inhabited since ancient Egyptian Old Kingdom. The village was more than one name ( ancient Egyptian Mer - nefer ( et ) ( " Beautiful channel ," Old and Middle Kingdom ), Per- Imen - mAt - Chent ( j ) ( "The House of Amun, the foremost lion ", New Kingdom ), TA- dehenet ( " the mountain top ", from 26th dynasty ), Greek Ἄκωρις ( Akoris, latin Acoris ) and Τῆνις ( tenis ) ).

The ancient Egyptian settlement was at all times important administrative town in the south of the 17th Upper Egyptian Gaus. You probably also had a port. Archaeological evidence there is with the Temple of Amun only since the New Kingdom. Today's settlement remains south of the village date from Roman Coptic time. Maybe it was here due to the strategic location since the Persian period, a fort, archaeological evidence, this can be not.

The gods possessed a highly localized with respect to the rock or the wadi. The in the early period revered deity here is unknown, maybe it was a lion deity. From the 18th Dynasty is here now Amun, the foremost lion, worshiped. From the 26th dynasty came here in addition Sobek, added Lord of Beh ( et ) ( Lord of the mouth of the ( Desert ) path ), and is the main deity. More worshiped gods were here Thoth, Isis and / or courage, Osiris, Horus and Khonsu.

In the rocks since the middle of the 4th Dynasty tombs were created. These are often large chamber tombs of the wealthy administrators; the most famous are the Fraser Tombs. In the 21st and 22nd Dynasty, the tombs of the priest of the local temple to be buried. From the New Kingdom some of the early graves are reclassified as chapels for Amun, and later also for Sobek. The graves were all but plundered.

Monuments

Few ancient Egyptian monuments are preserved. You are in the south of the present village.

The Temple of Amun, king of the gods (also known as Temple B), dates from the New Kingdom. He was laid in a grave chamber under Ramses II and Ramses III. completed. At that time he was a pure rock temple ( Speos ), it consists of four consecutive chambers with an altar in the last chamber. The first chamber had the original grave shaft. Was significantly expanded the temple in the time of Nero, he now received a causeway and one of the rock hall upstream hall with eight columns. Decorated only the entrance to the main hall representations of the sacrificial king Nero. On Architravfragmenten remained still Sobek, Thoth or Isis courage in sacrificial acts of Nero ( or Germanicus ) to see.

Immediately to the south of the temple of Amun is the temple of Sobek, Lord of containers, from vorptolemäischer time (even chapel or temple called C ). He, too, was invested in a large chamber grave, from the pier still remains with the image of Hathor are available. These four pillars were placed around the grave shaft. This temple has up to an inscription on the jamb, which is called the revered God, no further decoration. Is the statue niche on its back.

In the foothills of the temple you can see the remains of the Roman settlement.

Further south there is the rock Tele Ramses III. Showing the Pharaoh Sobek -Re in the company of Amun, Lord of Hashanah. About two kilometers to the south is Fraser Tombs.

Remains of the Roman period settlement

Rock Tele Ramses III.

Quarries

The site was and is used as a quarry for the existing white calcified Nummulitenkalkstein here, which was formed from the calcium deposits celled, bearing housing and living amoeba in the sea during the Tertiary.