Albert Lutuli

Albert John Mvumbi Luthuli (actually Lutuli, * about 1898 near Bulawayo in what is now Zimbabwe ( at that time the Rhodesia ), † 21 July 1967 Stanger, today Stanger, South Africa ) is a South African politician and tribal leader was the Zulu, teachers and religious leaders, and from 1952 to 1967 President of the African National Congress ( ANC). In 1960 he was nominated as the first African for the Nobel Peace Prize. He got it on the grounds that he had used peaceful means to end racial discrimination.

Biography

Albert John Luthuli was born in 1898 the son of a Christian missionary and leader of the Zulu. He attended the mission school in Groutsville and later moved to the Methodist Institute in Edendale in Pietermaritzburg, where he was trained as a teacher. He then began a teaching career in Natal, after which he went for two years to further education to the Adams College, also served as a lay preacher in the Methodist Church. At this college he taught for 13 years, the Zulu language and music, he also worked in school administration and as head of the college choir. In 1935 he was elected chief of his tribe, and after giving up his teaching, he took over after his father's death the tribal leaders ( until 1953 ). In 1938 he took part in a meeting of the International Missionary Council in India. In 1946 he became a member of the native's Representatives Council ( NCR), but this was resolved a short time later.

As a fighter against apartheid

Also in 1946 he became a member of the African National Congress ( ANC) and its president for the province of Natal. In 1948 he toured the United States to take part in the North American Mission Congress. 1952 started ANC and South African Indian Congress, the Defiance Campaign. In December of that year was elected president of the ANC Luthuli. It was for this reason one of the most prominent black politicians in Africa and was the direct opponent of the South African government in the fight against apartheid. Together with Zachariah Matthews Keodirelang he worked on the design of the Freedom Charter of the ANC, which was adopted in 1955 at the Congress of the People in Kliptown.

In Durban Township Cato Manor Luthuli reached a high level of politicization of the black and ethnic Indian population, in which the city government was a threat, they took action against the disproportionate police agents in the mid-1950s.

The black population Luthuli admonished repeatedly for calm and patience; he himself was arrested and banned several times for his political involvement. He could only stay in the territory of his hometown. In 1956, Luthuli and another 155 involved the anti-apartheid movement in the Treason Trial were charged, which until 1961 was acquitted of all involved. Albert John Luthuli was accused in this process conspiracy and incitement to racial struggle. He was imprisoned again in 1958 released in 1959 and then got a travel ban from around Groutsville, which was not lifted until his death. He sat down in 1961 to the formation of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK ) a, the militant wing of the ANC, but was finally convinced by Nelson Mandela, so that the MK was finally established in December 1961.

1960 Albert John Luthuli was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. However, he could not accept this, because he was not allowed to leave the country. Only a year later, the South African government allowed a departure to Oslo for ten days to accept the prize. In 1962 he received the Rector of the University of Glasgow awarded in 1963 awarded him the Society for the Family of Man, an organization of the Protestant Council of the City of New York Council of Churches of the City of New York.

Appreciation

Luthuli was posthumously awarded the 1968 Human Rights Award of the United Nations.

South Africa gives a high state award since 2003 named after him the Order of Luthuli.

A municipality in the district of Gert Sibande, Mpumalanga Province in South Africa was named after Albert Luthuli John, see Albert Luthuli (municipality ).

In the district of Stuttgart Burgholzhof the roundabout was opened in front of the Robert Bosch Hospital as Albert Luthuli Square on 11 March 2009.