Alexander Oparin

Alexander Ivanovich Oparin (Russian Александр Иванович Опарин, scientific transliteration Aleksandr Ivanovich Oparin; * 18 Februarjul / March 2 1894greg in Uglich, .. † April 21, 1980 in Moscow) was a Soviet biochemist. He is considered the founder of the scientific study of the origin of life on Earth.

Life

From 1912 to 1917 he studied at the Moscow University and was then a PhD student. Between 1921 and 1925 he was an assistant in the Department of Plant Physiology. Under Alexei Bach 1919-1922 he was also employees in the Chemical Division of the National Economic Council and from 1921 to 1925 employees in the Central Chemical Laboratory Moscow. 1922 was followed by studies at the physiologist Albrecht Kossel in Heidelberg, after which he traveled to Austria, to Italy in 1924 and in 1925 to France. After his return in 1925 he was a lecturer and since 1929 as a professor of biochemistry.

From 1927 to 1934, Oparin deputy director of the Central Institute of the sugar industry, at the same time from 1929 to 1931 Professor of Technical Biochemistry at the Mendeleev Institute of Chemical Technology and ( 1930-1931 ) at the Institute for grain and flour. Since 1934, member of the Academy of Sciences. In 1935, he became deputy under Bach Director of the Institute of Biochemistry, 1946, he was followed by Bach as a director. In 1937 he was a professor at the Technical Institute for food production, either in the same year or in 1942, he was also head of the Department of Biochemistry, a post which he held until 1960. He became in 1956 a member of the Leopoldina. Oparin in 1976 was awarded the Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science. Shortly before his death in 1980 he was awarded the 1979 Lomonosov Gold Medal.

Hypothesis for the origin of life

Oparin's hypothesis is based on the following assumptions:

Today Oparin's hypothesis is true in many parts obsolete, but formed in their time, the basis for the study of prebiotic evolution.

Works (selection)

Russian editions

  • Произхождение жизни. М. Московский рабочий, 1924; Origin of life. M. Moskovsky Rabotchi, 1924
  • Возникновение жизни на Земле. М. Изд - во АН СССР, 1957; Origin of life on Earth. M. Publisher of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1936
  • Жизнь ее, природа, происхождение и развитие. Ин - т биохимии. М: АН СССР, 1968;. Life, its nature, its origin and its development. Moscow, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1968
  • Возникновение жизни на Земле. 3.е издание, полностю переработанное, М. Изд - во АН СССР, 1957; Origin of life on Earth. 3rd edition, completely revised, M. Publisher of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1957
  • Материя - жизнь - интеллект. М. Наука, 1977; Matter - life - intellect. M. Nauka, 1977
  • Проблема происхождения жизни в свете достижений современного естествознания, в книге: Философские проблемы современного естествознания. М. 1959; Problems of the origin of life in the light of the achievements of modern science, in the book problems of modern science. Moscow, 1959
  • Возникновение жизни на Земле. In: Труды Международного симпозиума. 10-24 августа 1957 г. М. Изд - во АН СССР, 1959; Origin of life on Earth. The work of the International Symposium 10th - 24th August 1957, M. Publisher of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1959
  • Произхождение предбиолонических систем. Перевод с англ. / Пол ред. А.И. Опарина. М. Мир, 1966; The emergence präbiologischer systems. Translation from English / Under the editorship of Oparin, M. Mir, 1966
  • Пути начального формирования обмена веществ и искусственное моделирование этого формирования в коацерватных каплях. In :: В книге: Происхождение предбиологичеких систем. . М, 1966; Way of causal formation of the metabolism and the artificial modeling of this formation in coacervate droplets. In: The emergence vorbiologischer systems. Moscow, 1966

German editions

  • The origin of life on Earth. Berlin 1949
  • Life. Its nature, origin and development. Jena 1963
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