Allophylus

Allophylus cobbe, Illustration

Allophylus is a genus of flowering plants in the family of Soapberry ( Sapindaceae ). The about 200 species are widespread in the tropics and subtropics.

4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

The Allophylus species are always woody plants that usually grow as shrubs or rarely trees or vines as.

The alternate arranged leaves are petiolate to almost sessile. The leaf blades are palmately divided and consist of one to five leaf sections. The leaf margins are usually sawn, sometimes smooth. Stipules are not available.

Inflorescences and flowers

Allophylus species are monoecious ( monoecious ) or dioecious ( dioecious ) getrenntgeschlechtig. The pendant, zymösen total inflorescences are in the form of racemose thyrsi and may be composed of several sub- racemose inflorescences. The support ( bracts ) and bracts ( Brakteolen ) are small and pfriemförmig or lanceolate.

The unisexual flowers are small, zygomorphic and cruciform. Of the four sepals, the two outer elliptical and slightly smaller and the inner two are almost circular. The four petals form two pairs, the lower pair has at its base scales. The four-part discus has glandular lobe with truncated or obtuse upper ends. The male flowers usually contain eight, sometimes less stamens that extend beyond the crown and the stamens are fused to free or below its center. The female flowers contain a constant upper two to three rarely shared, or dreikammerigen ovary, parts of which are almost spherical to obovate. Each / r ovary chamber / section contains only one ovule. The style is up to the top grow together or until almost towards the base usually two, rarely three parts and ends in two to three back curved scars.

Fruit and seeds

The gap fruits fall into two or three berry-like nearly spherical to ovoid wrong - part fruits, often with only one of them is fully developed. The exocarp is fleshy and juicy and the endocarp is hard. The seeds have almost the same shape as the part and including a curved fruits and back curved embryo.

Chromosome numbers

The chromosome number is 2n = 28

Dissemination

The genus Allophylus has a wide distribution in the tropics and subtropics. In the Neotropics about 100 species occur. In Madagascar, about 18 species occur, 17 of them only there. For Ecuador about 15 species and Bolivia are listed about 13 species. In China, there are about eleven species. In Zimbabwe, only five species and one natural hybrid occur.

Some Allophylus species are listed in the Red List of Threatened species by the IUCN.

System

The genus Allophylus was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, p 348. Type species is L. Allophylus zeylanicus.

A synonym for Allophylus L. L. Schmidelia. Allophylus The genus belongs to the subfamily within the family Sapindaceae Sapindoideae.

The genus Allophylus requires a taxonomic revision. For the last scientific treatment of this genus by PW Leenhouts, A conspectus of the genus Allophylus ( Sapindaceae ), In: Blumea, Volume 15, 1967, pp. 301-358 is firstly back a long time and secondly, it is based on problem data.

Allophylus acutatus Radlk.
Allophylus africanus P.Beauv.
Allophylus agbala Hauman
Allophylus aldabricus Radlk.
Allophylus old scandens Hauman
Allophylus amazonicus ( Mart. ) Radlk.
Allophylus amboinensis flower
Allophylus amentaceus Radlk.
Allophylus amplissimus Hauman
Allophylus angustatus ( Triana & Planch. ) Radlk.
Allophylus antunesii Gilg
Allophylus apiocarpus Radlk.
Allophylus arboreus Choux
Allophylus bartlettii Merr.
Allophylus betongensis Craib
Allophylus bicruris Radlk.
Allophylus boinensis Choux
Allophylus bojerianus ( Cambess. ) flower
Allophylus bongolavensis Choux
Allophylus borbonicus ( J.F.Gmel. ) F.Friedmann
Allophylus brachypetalus Gagnep.
Allophylus brachystachys Radlk.
Allophylus brevipes Radlk.
Allophylus brevipetiolaris Radlk.
Allophylus bullatus Radlk.
Allophylus camptoneurus Radlk.
Allophylus camptostachys Radlk.
Allophylus capillipes Gagnep.
Allophylus caudate Radlk.
Allophylus cazengoensis Baker f
Allophylus chartaceus (short ) Radlk.
Allophylus chaunostachys Gilg
Allophylus chirindensis Baker f
Allophylus chlorocarpus Radlk.
Allophylus chrysoneurus Radlk.
Allophylus chrysothrix ( Radlk. ) Lisowski
Allophylus cinnamomeus Radlk.
Allophylus cobbe (L.) noise.
Allophylus cominia (L.) Sw.
Allophylus commersonii flower
Allophylus concanicus Radlk.
Allophylus congolanus Gilg
Allophylus conraui Gilg ex Radlk.
Allophylus coriaceus Radlk.
Allophylus costatus Choux
Allophylus crassinervis Radlk.
Allophylus crenatus Radlk.
Allophylus cristalensis Lippold
Allophylus cubensis Borhidi & O.Muñiz
Allophylus dasythyrsus Radlk.
Allophylus decaryi Danguy & Choux
Allophylus decipiens ( E.Mey. ) Radlk.
Allophylus delicatulus Verdc.
Allophylus densiflorus Radlk.
Allophylus dimorphus Radlk.
Allophylus dioicus ( Nees & Mart. ) Radlk.
Allophylus divaricatus Radlk.
Allophylus dodsonii Gentry
Allophylus domingensis Alain
Allophylus dregeanus ( Sond. ) De Winter
Allophylus dummeri Baker f
Allophylus edulis ( A.St. - Hil. , A.Juss. & Cambess. ) Radlk.
Allophylus elongatus Radlk.
Allophylus Eustachys Radlk.
Allophylus excelsus ( Triana & Planch. ) Radlk.
Allophylus ferrugineus Taub.
Allophylus Filiger Radlk.
Allophylus floribundus ( Poepp. ) Radlk.
Allophylus fulvotomentosus Gilg
Allophylus fuscus Radlk.
Allophylus gentryi Croat
Allophylus glabratus ( Kunth ) Radlk.
Allophylus gossweileri Baker f
Allophylus goudotii ( Triana & Planch. ) Radlk.
Allophylus grandiflorus Radlk.
Allophylus grandifolius ( Baker) Radlk.
Allophylus granulatus Radlk.
Allophylus grossedentatus ( Turcz. ) Fern. - Vill.
Allophylus grotei F.G.Davies & Verdc.
Allophylus guaraniticus ( A.St. - Hil. ) Radlk.
Allophylus haitiensis Radlk. Ekman &
Allophylus hallaei Fouilloy
Allophylus hamatus Verm. ex Hauman
Allophylus hayatae Gagnep.
Allophylus heterophyllus ( Cambess. ) Radlk.
Allophylus hirsutus Radlk.
Allophylus hirtellus ( Hook. f ) Radlk.
Allophylus holophyllus Radlk.
Allophylus hylophilus Gilg
Allophylus hymenocalyx Radlk.
Allophylus imenoensis Pellegr.
Allophylus incanus Radlk.
Allophylus insignis Radlk.
Allophylus jamaicensis Radlk.
Allophylus javensis flower
Allophylus jejunus Standlschmaus. ex Lundell
Allophylus katangensis Hauman
Allophylus laetevirens Ridl.
Allophylus laetus Radlk.
Allophylus laevigatus ( Turcz. ) Radlk.
Allophylus largifolius Radlk.
Allophylus lasiopus Baker f
Allophylus lastoursvillensis Pellegr.
Allophylus latifolius Huber
Allophylus laxiflorus Gagnep.
Allophylus le- testui Pellegr.
Allophylus leptocladus Radlk.
Allophylus leptococcus Radlk.
Allophylus leptostachys Radlk.
Allophylus leucochrous Radlk.
Allophylus leucoclados Radlk.
Allophylus leucophloeus Radlk.
Allophylus livescens Gagnep.
Allophylus longicuneatus Verm. ex Hauman
Allophylus longifolius Radlk.
Allophylus longipes Radlk.
Allophylus longipetiolatus Gilg
Allophylus lopezii Merr.
Allophylus loretensis Standlschmaus. ex J.F.Macbr.
Allophylus macrocarpus Danguy & Choux
Allophylus macrodontus Merr.
Allophylus macrostachys Radlk.
Allophylus maestrensis Lippold
Allophylus malvaceus Radlk.
Allophylus mananarensis Choux
Allophylus marque sensis F.Br.
Allophylus mayimbensis Pellegr.
Allophylus megaphyllus Hutch. & Dalziel
Allophylus melanocarpus ( Sond. ) Radlk.
Allophylus melliodorus Gilg ex Radlk.
Allophylus Micrococcus Radlk.
Allophylus mollis ( Kunth ) Radlk.
Allophylus montanus F.N.Williams
Allophylus mossambicensis Exell
Allophylus multicostatus A.H.Gentry
Allophylus myrianthus Radlk.
Allophylus natalensis ( Sond. ) De Winter
Allophylus ngounyensis Pellegr.
Allophylus nigericus Baker f
Allophylus nigrescens Flower
Allophylus nitidulus ( Triana & Planch. ) Radlk.
Allophylus obliquus Radlk.
Allophylus oyemensis Pellegr.
Allophylus pachyphyllus Radlk.
Allophylus pallidus Radlk.
Allophylus panamensis Radlk.
Allophylus paniculatus ( Poepp. ) Radlk.
Allophylus parimensis Steyerm.
Allophylus pauciflorus Radlk.
Allophylus peduncularis Radlk.
Allophylus persicifolius Hauman
Allophylus peruvianus Radlk.
Allophylus pervillei flower
Allophylus petelotii Merr.
Allophylus pilosus ( J.F.Macbr. ) A.H.Gentry
Allophylus poungouensis Pellegr.
Allophylus pseudopaniculatus Baker f
Allophylus psilospermus Radlk.
Allophylus punctatus ( Poepp. ) Radlk.
Allophylus quercifolius ( Mart. ) Radlk.
Allophylus quinatus Radlk.
Allophylus racemosus Sw.
Allophylus rapensis F.Br.
Allophylus repandifolius Merr. Chun &
Allophylus repandodentatus Radlk.
Allophylus reticulatus Radlk.
Allophylus rheedei ( Wight ) Radlk.
Allophylus rhodesicus Exell
Allophylus rhomboidalis ( Nadeaud ) Radlk.
Allophylus rigidus Sw.
Allophylus robustus Radlk.
Allophylus roigii Lippold
Allophylus rutete Gilg
Allophylus salignus flower
Allophylus salinarius Gagnep.
Allophylus samarensis Merr.
Allophylus sapinii Verm. ex Hauman
Allophylus scandens Ridl.
Allophylus schweinfurthii Gilg
Allophylus scrobiculatus ( Poepp. ) Radlk.
Allophylus sechellensis Summerh.
Allophylus serratus ( Hiern ) Short
Allophylus setulosus Radlk.
Allophylus simplicifolius Radlk.
Allophylus sootepensis Craib
Allophylus spectabilis Gilg
Allophylus spicatus ( Poir. ) Radlk.
Allophylus steinbachii F.A.Barkley & Villa
Allophylus stenodictyus Radlk.
Allophylus stenophyllus Merr.
Allophylus strictus Radlk.
Allophylus subfalcatus Radlk.
Allophylus subincisodentatus Radlk.
Allophylus sumatranus flower
Allophylus talbotii Baker f
Allophylus tanzaniensis F.G.Davies
Allophylus timorensis ( DC. ) flower
Allophylus torrei Exell & Mendonça
Allophylus transvaalensis Burtt Davy
Allophylus trichodesmus Radlk.
Allophylus trichophyllus Merr. Chun &
Allophylus triphyllus ( Burm. f ) Merr.
Allophylus umbrinus A.C.Sm.
Allophylus unifoliatus Radlk.
Allophylus unifoliolatus Radlk.
Allophylus vestitus F.G.Davies
Allophylus villosus ( Roxb. ) Blume
Allophylus viridis Radlk.
Allophylus whitei Exell
Allophylus zenkeri Gilg ex Radlk.
Allophylus zeylanicus L.

Swell

Nianhe Xia & Paul A. Gadek: Sapindaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 12, 2007: Allophylus, pp. 21 - text the same as printed work online. (Section Description and systematics)

Ovary (botany) Cereal germ Agricultural Research Service

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