Alpinia

Alpinia is a genus in the subfamily Alpinioideae from the ginger family ( Zingiberaceae ), belonging to the monocot plants. With about 230 species, the genus is the most diverse in the ginger family.

Some species are used as a spice and medicinal plants by humans. Many species and varieties are popular ornamental plants in tropical gardens and parks.

• 5.1 Notes and references

Dissemination

They have a distribution area in the Indonesian archipelago and in tropical Australia. Species also occur in many parts of the tropical Asian continent.

Description

Alpinia species are perennial herbaceous plants. They are creeping, thick rhizomes as outlasting. There are usually well-developed " pseudo- tribes " formed of many often, rarely only one to four leaves. Leaf blades are oblong or lanceolate.

The terminal, racemose, aged men, paniculate inflorescences contain close to lying stretched many flowers. The knospigen inflorescences are usually surrounded by one to three bracts. Each bloom is usually over a tubular to spread cover. The hermaphrodite flowers are triple with double perianth. The three sepals are together Roehrig. Three carpels are fused to a dreikammerigen ovary. The labellum is often striking with different edges lobed or smooth and is usually longer than the Corolla lobe. Sometimes missing stamens.

There are usually formed spherical, dry or fleshy fruit capsules with many seeds. The often -edged seeds have an aril.

Ecology

Alpinia species are mainly pollinated by bees.

System

The genus Alpinia contains about 230 species. This genus is not monophyletic and will thus be broken down in the near future in several species. The genus Alpinia belongs to the tribe Alpinieae in the subfamily Alpinioideae within the family of Zingiberaceae.

The valid publication of the genus Alpinia was made in 1810 by William Roxburgh in Asiatic Researches, 11, pp. 350-352 with the type species of Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd .. Synonyms for Alpinia Roxb. are: Adelmeria Ridl, Albina Giseke, Buekia Giseke, Catimbium Juss, Cenolophon Flower, Elmeria Ridl, Eriolopha Ridl, Guillainia Vieill, Hellenia Willd, Hellwigia Warblers, Heritiera Retz, Kolowratia C.Presl, Languas J. .. .. .. .. Koenig ex Small, Martensia Giseke, Odontychium K.Schum. , Strobidia Miq. , zerumbet Alpinia Roxb .. JCWendl. Vienna ICBN Art was 14:10 & App. III conserved over the older homonym ( Vienna ICBN Article 53 ) Alpinia L. published in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, p 2, with the type species Alpinia racemosa L., whose valid name but Renealmia pyramidalis ( Lam.) Maas is; Also, this name is Alpinia Roxb. conserved over the name Albina Giseke, Buekia Giseke and zerumbet JCWendl ..

At present, the genus is divided into two sub- genera and eleven sections:

• Subgenus Alpinia: section Alpinia
• Section Didymanthus
• Section Kolowratia
• Section Fax
• Section Guillania
• Section Artiflorae
• Section Allughas

• Section Dieramalpinia
• Section Eubractea
• Section Myriocrater
• Section Pycnanthus

Some species are aromatic and medicinal plants

• Thai ginger ( Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd; Syn: . A. zingiberina Hook f; A. pyramidata flower. )
• Called Galangal, Real galangal ( Alpinia officinarum Hance )

Species are used as ornamentals

• Alpinia abundiflora Burtt & R. M. Sm
• Alpinia acrostachya Steud. ( is now made ​​to Etlingera )
• Schwarzfrüchtige Alpinia ( Alpinia aquatica ( Retz. ) Roscoe; Syn: A. melanocarpa ( Teijsm. & Binn ) Ridl. . )
• Australian Blue Alpinia ( Alpinia caerulea ( R.Br. ) Benth. ); Home: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales), New Guinea
• Alpinia conchigera handle.
• Alpinia emaculata S.Q. Tong
• Fragrance Alpinia ( Alpinia hainanensis K. Schum; syn:. A. henryi K. Schum. ), The only fragrant Alpinia
• Javanese Alpinia ( Alpinia javanica Blume)
• Small Clams Alpinia ( Alpinia mutica Roxb. )
• Alpinia petiolata Baker
• Red Ginger, Alpinia Red or Red Ginger ( Alpinia purpurata ( Vieill. ) K.Schum. ), Many varieties, pink to purple; Home: Pacific Islands
• Alpinia rafflesiana Wall. ex Baker; Home: Malay Peninsula
• Alpinia striata link ( today too Amomum compactum Sol. Ex Maton )
• Shell Ginger or mussel Alpinie ( Alpinia zerumbet ( Pers.) BLBurtt & RMSm, Syn. Alpinia speciosa ( JCWendl. ) K.Schum, Alpinia nutans (L.) Roscoe ex Sm, Languas speciosa ( JCWendl. . ) Small, zerumbet speciosum JCWendl. )

Other types

• Alpinia acuminata
• Alpinia aenea
• Alpinia affinis
• Alpinia agiokuensis
• Alpinia alata
• Alpinia albertisii
• Alpinia albipurpurea
• Alpinia allugas
• Alpinia amentacea
• Alpinia angustifolia
• Alpinia anna bellae
• Alpinia antillarum
• Alpinia apoensis
• Alpinia arctiflora
• Alpinia arfakensis
• Alpinia arundelliana
• Alpinia assimilis
• Alpinia athroantha
• Alpinia aurantiaca
• Alpinia auriculata
• Alpinia bambusifolia
• Alpinia beamanii
• Alpinia biakensis
• Alpinia bicalyculata
• Alpinia bifida
• Alpinia bilamellata
• Alpinia bisulcata
• Alpinia blepharocalyx
• Alpinia blumei
• Alpinia boia
• Alpinia boninsimensis
• Alpinia borneensis
• Alpinia borraginoides
• Alpinia brachyantha
• Alpinia brachypoda
• Alpinia bracteata
• Alpinia brevilabris
• Alpinia brevis
• Alpinia brevituba
• Alpinia burkillii
• Alpinia calcarata
• Alpinia calcicola
• Alpinia calycodes
• Alpinia campanaria
• Alpinia cannaefolium
• Alpinia capitellata
• Alpinia cardamomum medium
• Alpinia carinata
• Alpinia carnea
• Alpinia carolinensis
• Alpinia celebica
• Alpinia cernua
• Alpinia chaunocolea
• Alpinia chinensis
• Alpinia chrysorachis
• Alpinia coerulea
• Alpinia coeruleo - viridis
• Alpinia Colossea
• Alpinia comosa
• Alpinia condensata
• Alpinia conferta
• Alpinia congesta
• Alpinia conghuaensis
• Alpinia conglomerata
• Alpinia copelandii
• Alpinia corallina
• Alpinia coriacea
• Alpinia coriandriodora
• Alpinia cornu - cervi
• Alpinia cristata
• Alpinia crocodocalyx
• Alpinia cumingii
• Alpinia cylindrocephala
• Alpinia dasystachys
• Alpinia decurva
• Alpinia decurvata
• Alpinia dekockii
• Alpinia densispicata
• Alpinia densibracteata
• Alpinia densiflora
• Alpinia diffissa
• Alpinia divaricata
• Alpinia dolichocephala
• Alpinia domatifera
• Alpinia dyeri
• Alpinia edanoi
• Alpinia elmeri
• Alpinia elwesii
• Alpinia engleriana
• Alpinia eremochlamys
• Alpinia euastra
• Alpinia eubractea
• Alpinia eustales
• Alpinia exostylis
• Alpinia flabellata
• Alpinia flava
• Alpinia flexistamen
• Alpinia fluvitialis
• Alpinia formosana
• Alpinia foxworthyi
• Alpinia fraseriana
• Alpinia fusiform

• Alpinia gagnepainii
• Alpinia gigantea
• Alpinia glabra
• Alpinia glabrescens
• Alpinia glacicaerulea
• Alpinia globosa
• Alpinia gracilis
• Alpinia gracillima
• Alpinia graminea
• Alpinia grandiceps
• Alpinia grandis
• Alpinia guinanensis
• Alpinia haenkei
• Alpinia Hagena
• Alpinia hamiltoniana
• Alpinia hansenii
• Alpinia havilandii
• Alpinia hemsleyana
• Alpinia hibinoi
• Alpinia himantoglossa
• Alpinia hirsuta
• Alpinia hokutensis
• Alpinia homeana
• Alpinia hookeriana
• Alpinia hulstijnii
• Alpinia humilis
• Alpinia hylandii
• Alpinia illustris
• Alpinia intermedia
• Alpinia involucrata
• Alpinia iriomotensis
• Alpinia janowskii
• Alpinia japonica
• Alpinia jianganfeng
• Alpinia jingxiensis
• Alpinia kainantensis
• Alpinia katsumadae
• Alpinia kelungensis
• Alpinia kermesina
• Alpinia kiungensis
• Alpinia kiushiana
• Alpinia koidzumiana
• Alpinia korthalsii
• Alpinia koshunensis
• Alpinia kumatahe
• Alpinia kusshakuensis
• Alpinia kwangsiensis
• Alpinia laosensis
• Alpinia latilabris
• Alpinia lauterbachii
• Alpinia laxiflora
• Alpinia laxisecunda
• Alpinia leptostachya
• Alpinia ligulata
• Alpinia linguiformis
• Alpinia longipetiola
• Alpinia luteocarpa
• Alpinia maclurei
• Alpinia macrantha
• Alpinia macrocarpa
• Alpinia macrocephala
• Alpinia macroscaphis
• Alpinia macrostemon
• Alpinia macroura
• Alpinia maculata
• Alpinia malaccensis
• Alpinia manii
• Alpinia manostachys
• Alpinia martinii
• Alpinia maxii
• Alpinia mediomaculata
• Alpinia menghaiensis
• Alpinia mesanthera
• Alpinia microlophon
• Alpinia Missionis
• Alpinia modesta
• Alpinia mollis
• Alpinia mollissima
• Alpinia molucana
• Alpinia monopleura
• Alpinia multispicata
• Alpinia murdochii
• Alpinia musaefedia
• Alpinia myriocratera
• Alpinia nanchuanensis
• Alpinia napoensis
• Alpinia neesana
• Alpinia nidus - Vespae
• Alpinia nieuwenhuizii
• Alpinia novae- hiberniae
• Alpinia novae- pommeraniae
• Alpinia nupiocratera
• Alpinia oblongifolia
• Alpinia oceanica
• Alpinia Odontonema
• Alpinia oligantha
• Alpinia orchioides
• Alpinia orthostachys
• Alpinia ovata
• Alpinia ovoidocarpa
• Alpinia oxymitra
• Alpinia oxyphylla

• Alpinia padacanca
• Alpinia pahangensis
• Alpinia papuana
• Alpinia parviflora
• Alpinia pectinata
• Alpinia penduliflora
• Alpinia penicillata
• Alpinia philippinensis
• Alpinia phoenicea
• Alpinia pininga
• Alpinia pinnanensis
• Alpinia platychilus
• Alpinia plectophylla
• Alpinia plumieri
• Alpinia polyantha
• Alpinia porphyrea
• Alpinia porphyrocarpa
• Alpinia porrecta
• Alpinia pricei
• Alpinia psilogyna
• Alpinia pterocalyx
• Alpinia ptychanthera
• Alpinia pulcherrima
• Alpinia pumila
• Alpinia punicea
• Alpinia quadriloba
• Alpinia racimigera
• Alpinia racemosa
• Alpinia rafflesiana
• Alpinia rechingeri
• Alpinia regia
• Alpinia reticosa
• Alpinia rheedii
• Alpinia rigida
• Alpinia rolfei
• Alpinia romblonensis
• Alpinia romburghiana
• Alpinia rosacea
• Alpinia roscoeana
• Alpinia rosea
• Alpinia rosella
• Alpinia roxburghii
• Alpinia rubella
• Alpinia rubra
• Alpinia rubricaulis
• Alpinia rubromaculata
• Alpinia salamonensis
• Alpinia samoensis
• Alpinia sanderae
• Alpinia sandsii
• Alpinia sasakii
• Alpinia satsumensis
• Alpinia schultzei
• Alpinia schumanniana
• Alpinia secunda
• Alpinia secundiflora
• Alpinia seimundii
• Alpinia sericea
• Alpinia sericiflora
• Alpinia serrulata
• Alpinia shimadae
• Alpinia siamensis
• Alpinia sibuyanensis
• Alpinia silvicola
• Alpinia simsii
• Alpinia singuliflora
• Alpinia smithiae
• Alpinia spicata
• Alpinia squarrosa
• Alpinia stachyodes
• Alpinia stapfiana
• Alpinia stenobracteolata
• Alpinia stenostachys
• Alpinia strobilacea
• Alpinia strobiliformis
• Alpinia subfusicarpa
• Alpinia submutica
• Alpinia subspicata
• Alpinia subverticillata
• Alpinia suishaensis
• Alpinia takaminei
• Alpinia tamacuensis
• Alpinia tomentosa
• Alpinia tonkinensis
• Alpinia tonrokuensis
• Alpinia trachyascus
• Alpinia tricolor
• Alpinia tubulata
• Alpinia unilateralis
• Alpinia uraiensis
• Alpinia uviformis
• Alpinia valetoniana
• Alpinia vanoverberghii
• Alpinia velutina
• Alpinia versicolor
• Alpinia viridiflora
• Alpinia vittata
• Alpinia vitiensis
• Alpinia vulcanica
• Alpinia walang
• Alpinia warburgii
• Alpinia wenzelii
• Alpinia werneri
• Alpinia womerslyi
• Alpinia wrayi

Swell

• Delin Wu & Kai Larsen: Zingiberaceae in Flora of China, Volume 24, p 333: Alpinia - Online. ( Description section )
• W. John Kress, Ai- Zhong Liu, Mark Newman & Qing -Jun Li: The molecular phylogeny of Alpinia ( Zingiberaceae ): a complex and polyphyletic genus of gingers, In: American Journal of Botany, 92, 2005, pp. 167 - 178 ( Section systematics)
• Walter Erhardt et al: The big walleye. Encyclopedia of plant names. Volume 2 Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7