Aluminium chloride

• Aluminum trichloride
• Aluminum ( III) chloride

White to pale yellow solid with a pungent odor

Astringent

Fixed

2.44 g · cm -3

180 ° C ( 262 ° C decomposition)

1 hPa (20 ° C)

450 g · l-1 in water ( decomposition)

Risk

3450 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, rat, oral)

-704 KJ · mol -1

Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search is not possible

Aluminium chloride is an inorganic chemical compound; it is the chloride of aluminum having the empirical formula AlCl3.

• 5.1 Controversy studies on breast cancer risk by aluminum in deodorants

Synthesis

Hydrous aluminum chloride ( occurring in rhombic crystals hexahydrate AlCl3 · 6 H2O ) is formed by dissolution of aluminum in hydrochloric acid:

However, this can not be drained hexahydrate, as it is decomposed upon heating to aluminum hydroxide or aluminum metahydroxide, and hydrogen chloride gas:

It shall be the production of anhydrous aluminum chloride by passing chlorine through carbon and alumina at about 800 ° C, or directly from the elements:

Respectively:

For the industrial production of aluminum chloride enameled Reactors are used due to the high aggressiveness of the process.

Properties

Aluminum chloride forms colorless hexagonal crystals. It is soluble in many organic solvents. The light yellow mostly due to contamination with iron chloride powder is highly hygroscopic. In humid air, it smokes for partial hydrolysis to form hydrogen chloride and aluminum chloride. In water it dissolves under strong heating to form the hexahydrate. In non-polar solvents, the liquid phase in the vapor state as well as aluminum chloride occurs in a dimeric form as Cl2AlCl2AlCl2 on where the aluminum atom is tetrahedrally coordinated (analogous to aluminum bromide ). In the solid state there is an ionic lattice, in which the aluminum ion is coordinated by Cl -6 -fold. When melting the ionic lattice collapses to form the dimer. Since this is built covalently, directs liquid aluminum chloride the electricity poorly.

Aluminum chloride is considered to be the limiting case between molecule and ion, it has a delta -DE 1.55 ( Pauling ). So it should be a polar atomic bond actually.

Responsiveness

In a strongly exothermic reaction of aluminum chloride in water is in solution, hydrolysis in chloride ions and Hexaaquaaluminiumkomplexe done:

This Hexaaquaionen eventually go in strongly acidic reaction in a hydroxy on:

Use

The hexahydrate of the aluminum chloride is due to its strong astringent effect in the textile and soap industry use where it is used, among other things, the production of antiseptics and deodorants. Furthermore, it acts as a strong Lewis acid and in organic synthesis ( here mostly anhydrous) as a catalyst in the dehydrogenation, polymerization reactions and Friedel -Crafts reactions ( Friedel -Crafts alkylation, Friedel -Crafts acylation). In addition, it is used as the halogen carrier and condensing agent.

Counter mild inflammation in the throat aluminum chloride or Aluminiumchlorat - containing solutions are offered for gargling. It is available over the counter in pharmacies.

Hydrous aluminum chloride forms polymeric structures, which are known as polyaluminumchloride (PAC). It is considered to be effective flocculants and precipitants combined with the transferred a number of dissolved substances in the undissolved state and very different types of suspended solids can be removed from aqueous solutions.

Polymers aluminum chlorides since the 1970s, among others used in the treatment of process water, drinking water, waste water and swimming pool water as a flocculant and coagulant. In Europe, PAC have replaced the then customary aluminum sulfate in the drinking water treatment due to technical and economic characteristics. Outside Europe, however, the spread is low.

Use as an antiperspirant (welding inhibitors)

Aluminum chloride hexahydrate can be used in certain concentrations by local application against excessive sweating and thus is an active ingredient in many deodorants or antiperspirants. In various forums to find recipes for making an antiperspirant with aluminum chloride. Aluminum chloride is corrosive, according to field reports, however, with proper dosage only a slight irritation of the skin may occur. To alleviate this, are most antiperspirants glycerin (or glycerol) or plant extracts buried.

Hazards

Aluminum chloride antiperspirants and deodorants can irritate the skin due to the astringent effect of the pH acidic solution. It can be local redness, itching and burning may occur. The formation of dermatitis ( " deodorant eczema" ) and the development of a durable allergic reaction are possible. As effects of aluminum in deodorants slight signs of irritation have resulted in long-term observations.

Aluminium chloride is a neurotoxin. High doses impaired aluminum, the blood -brain barrier, which can damage DNA and has adverse epigenetic effects. Have high doses of aluminum adverse effects on a number of species, such as primates, mice, rabbits, and dogs.

Controversial studies on breast cancer risk by aluminum in deodorants

Researchers in England found in 2005 and 2009, increased concentrations of aluminum in breast tissue samples from women. They concluded that these ingredients of deodorants (aluminum salts as antiperspirant ) are a risk factor in the development of breast cancer. In another source, researchers had 2007 concerns that the aluminum in antiperspirants may increase the risk of breast cancer, expressed. Aluminum chlorohydrate deodorants were occasionally suspected to be linked with breast cancer, since accumulated aluminum had been found in tumor tissue. However, the connection with the formation of breast tumors is unclear and the uptake into the cells was unclear. A not quite current meta from 2008, when the previous studies were summarized on this subject, came to the conclusion that there is no scientific evidence supporting this theory. The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment BfR and the Cancer Information Service KID (public organ of the German Cancer Research Center DKFZ ) and international breast cancer associations reported in 2010 officially clear.

2012, the Austrian Cancer Aid Univ. Prof. Dr. Wolfram Parzefall (formerly Univ. Professor of Toxicology at the Institute for Cancer Research at the Medical University of Vienna) invited the carcinogen ( carcinogenic ) Risk of aluminum chloride ( hexahydrate ) to be assessed as part of deodorants, as a recent publication ( Sappino et al., 2012 ) has provided a possible association with female breast cancer in the room. In this assessment, it is mentioned that the American Cancer Society has published a more cautious assessment, which refers to the change of estrogen receptors by aluminum compounds. These can be absorbed through the skin and lead to changes in estrogen receptors of breast cells. Since estrogen may cause both growth of cancerous breast cells as well as non-cancerous breast cells, some researchers have suggested that the use of compounds of aluminum-based antiperspirants may be a risk factor for the development of breast cancer. As far but no clear link has been established to breast cancer, the researchers will continue to keep aluminum as a possible breast cancer risk factor in mind. For clearer statements further studies are needed. A study from the year 2012 with human breast cell cultures pointed out under laboratory conditions on a cell- impairing effect of aluminum chloride. The cells showed abnormal behavior which is comparable to the first phase of a tumor-like changes. The aluminum chloride used in the study were injected directly into the cell culture. The natural barrier of human skin was not considered. Overall, therefore, is, according to the Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety ( AGES) to say that is probably given because of the different results of further research is needed to better understand the uptake of aluminum after dermal application and to clarify the possible role of aluminum in breast cell changes. In terms of preventive health such cosmetic products should not be introduced into the freshly shaved armpit.

In a re-evaluation from the year 2014, the BfR study described the situation as contradictory. Aluminium-containing antiperspirants deceptive in the recording of aluminum in the human organism. It is likely that a proportion of the population already achieved the tolerable weekly intake of 1 mg of aluminum per kilogram of body weight on food and other aluminum- containing products. Therefore, the BfR recommends to refrain from aluminum-containing deodorants, not to exceed the tolerable limit. However, a causal relationship between the increased aluminum uptake by antiperspirants and Alzheimer 's disease or breast cancer could, despite a number of such studies because of inconsistent data location not scientifically be proven.

Commercial preparations

AHC20 (CH), AHC30 (CH), Everdry (D), Gargarisma gargle (D), Malle Brin ( D), Never Sweat (D), Odaban (GB ) Seven days (D), Sweat Protect ( D), Yerka (D)