American English

American English (English American English, just AE or AmE ) is the form of the English language, which is spoken in the United States of America. Together with Canadian English it is the group of North American English dialects. The American English With nearly 300 million native speakers, the most widely spoken variety of English.

• 3.1 consonants 3.1.1 plosives
• 3.1.2 affricates
• 3.1.3 fricatives
• 3.1.4 Nasal
• 3.1.5 approximants

• 3.2.1 unstrung
• 3.2.2 Strained vowels and diphthongs
• 3.2.3 R- colored (r- colored ) vowels

Contrast to British English

American English differs from British English, mainly in pronunciation and vocabulary, in some cases also in grammar, spelling and punctuation. This hinders unless strong dialect is spoken, but not the mutual intelligibility.

Spelling

Since the spelling reform Noah Webster's 1806 are many words that end in British spelling in-re, written in the United States with - it, such as center / center, meager / meager etc. The British -our equivalent to the American -or in words like color / color and favor / favor. In a few words corresponds to the British - American ce - se, such as license / license and defense / defense, but where Americans use practices for both the noun and for the verb, write British practice for the noun and -practice for the The verb Verbalsuffix -ize (eg organize, colonize ) can the British, but not American, are also - ise written. Sometimes preferred the American shorter and simplified spellings, such as plow for the British plow, program for the British programs, catalog for the British catalog and dialogue for the British dialogue. These cases occurred because, inter alia, Noah Webster, the English language back to " Germanized " tried so wanted to reduce the French influence.

Vocabulary

Some words of British English American vocabulary do not exist or have a different meaning, such as the elevator, on the other hand is called lift elevator in the U.S., in the UK. Other examples of typical American terms are, inter alia, candy, and cookie truck, replaced British rather sweets, lorry or would use biscuit. Strong differences exist due to its higher dynamic between British and American slang.

Use and dissemination

The meaning and use of American English takes in the present to always on, which is due to the greater global spread of the language by American television networks, American TV series and movies.

Last but not least get on the Internet these terms more and more below the population, even in countries such as India and Pakistan, the former British colonies.

The development of American English is often similar to the emergence of French or Italian, which developed from Latin, viewed as a further development of the language of the mother country. However, the differences between the two standard varieties, the British English and American English, relatively low. There is a tendency for convergence of the two standard varieties of English, similar to the local dialects of German.

Pronunciation of American English

Most varieties of American English show how the Scottish, Irish and Canadian English a rhotic accent, in contrast to the accents of England, Wales, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, which are nichtrhotisch. However, some regional accents are American nichtrhotisch, such as the accents of New England, New York and parts of the southern states. One of the most noticeable features is the so-called Flapping: American in a t is pronounced between two vowels, such as [ ɾ ], eg in pretty [ pɹɪɾi ].

The following descriptions refer to the designated as General American variety of American English, which is commonly used as a counterpart to the British Received Pronunciation.

Consonants

Plosives

Affricates

Fricatives

Nasal

• [n ] can also be a syllable peaks form, such as button [ bʌtn̩ ].

Approximants

• [ l] can also form a syllable peaks, such as pickle [ pɪkl̩ ].
• [ ɾ ] is a variant of [t ] before unstressed vowel before.
• [ ɹ ] is written as syllable peaks usually [ ɝ ] and [ ɚ ], see R - colored vowels below.
• In a minority of American speaker is wh - still pronounced as [ hw ], eg white [ hwaɪt ]. Exceptions are words like who [ hu] and wholesale [ get ]. Otherwise, wh -, as in British English, as [ w] expressed, so that whine and wine the same as [ waɪn ] are pronounced.

Vowels

Unstrung

In stressed monosyllables lax vowels must appear before a consonant, eg, bit [ bɪt ], cap [ KAEP ]. * [ bɪ ] or * [ Kae ] are not possible words of the American.

• In words such as bath, ask, etc. has helped American lax [ æ ], where British strained [ ɑ ː ] has [ bæθ, æsk, haef ]
• [ ɑ ] must be in a couple of stressed monosyllabic words without consonants, such as spa [ spɑ ] bra [ bɹɑ ]

Vowels and diphthongs Wrap

• [e ] is often diphthongisch [ eɪ ] spoken, especially in open syllables: day [ deɪ ]
• To [ ɔ ]: Normally equivalent to the British [ ɒ ] American [ ɑ ], such as in lot [ lɑt ], John [ dʒɑn ], etc. But in a series of words such as cloth, lost, off, gone, dog, long, chocolate etc. has strained American [ ɔ ], where British lax [ ɒ ] has [ klɔθ, lɔst, ɔf, gɔn, dɔg, lɔŋ, tʃɔklət ]. In many words there is disagreement among American speakers, such as the word is pronounced on the north (New York, Connecticut, New Jersey) [ ɑn ], in the south ( Virginia, North and South Carolina ), however [ ɔn ].
• About 40 % of American speakers know no difference between [ ɑ ] and [ ɔ ]. In their pairs like cot / caught, Don / Dawn identical pronounced depending on the region as either [ kɑt, dɑn ] or [ kɔt, dɔn ].
• [o ] is [ oʊ ] very often diphthongisch, especially in open syllables: dough [ doʊ ].
• To [ u]: The American is often no [j ] between [d, t, n ] and [u ] before: tune [ do ] duty [ duɾi ], new [ nu ].

R- colored (r- colored ) vowels

• [ ɪɹ ] is not with zweisilbigem [ iɚ ] be confused (eg, freer [ fɹiɚ ] ).
• The in British and regionally in the American popular distinction of Mary, merry and marry is not prevalent in the standard American: All three are pronounced the same as [ mɛɹi ].
• [ ɛɹ ] is not with zweisilbigem [ eɚ ] (eg player [ pleɚ ] ) to be confused.
• [ ɔɹ ] is not with zweisilbigem [ oɚ ] (eg rower [ ɹoɚ ] ) to be confused.
• [ ʊɹ ] is not to be confused with zweisilbigem [ uɚ ] (eg truer [ tɹuɚ ] ).
• For many Americans will [ ʊɹ ] to [ ɝ ], especially after palatal sounds: sure [ ʃɝ ] fury [ fjɝi ], Europe [ jɝəp ].
• It is unclear whether the groups [ aɪɹ ] / [ aɪɚ ] and [ aʊɹ ] / [ aʊɚ ] are to be considered as a one or two syllables.