Anacamptis coriophora
Bug Orchid (Orchis coriophora )
The Bug (Orchis coriophora ) is a species of the genus of orchids (Orchis ) in the orchid family ( Orchidaceae).
It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his work Species Plantarum in 1753 and since the beginning of the 20th century one of the most threatened by the decline in Central European species of orchids.
According to recent taxonomic findings, this type of genre dog Wurzen ( Anacamptis ) is assigned:
- Anacamptis coriophora (L.) R. M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M. W. Chase ( 1997)
Description
The Bug Orchid is a deciduous, perennial, herbaceous growing Knollengeophyt with two ovoid tubers as Überdauerungsorgan. The height of the weakly -edged, bright green stem varies from 20 to 50 centimeters. At its base one or two brown scale leaves and two to four rosette-like basal leaves are created. This unspotted, broadly lanceolate, pointed rosette leaves are about 10 to 19 inches long and 2-5 inches wide. In the upper part of the stem are two or three other leaves, but not enough to flower Nourish. The lance-shaped, green to red- brown crowded bracts are 9-11 mm long and 2 to 2.5 millimeters wide.
The narrow cylindrical inflorescence consists of 15 to 40 small, closely spaced flowers. It is brownish, red, pink or greenish. The tepals form a beak-like helmet. The ovate pointed sepals ( sepals ) are approximately 6 to 10 mm long and 2-3 mm wide. The lateral petals ( petals ) are linear, 4-6 mm long and 1.5 to 2 millimeters wide. The lip ( labellum ) is three-lobed, conical bent down, 5 to 10 mm long and 5-6 mm wide. It is marked on the edge of dark and in the middle with purple dots or dashes.
The heyday of this type begins in the Mediterranean region as early as April, in Central Europe in mid-May and ends in mid-July.
Genetics and Development
The Bug Orchid has a karyotype of two sets of chromosomes and each chromosome 19 ( Cytology: 2n = 38).
The seed of this orchid contains no nutritive tissue for the seedling. Therefore Germination occurs only when infected by a root fungus ( mycorrhiza ).
Ecology and distribution
The Bug orchid has its habitat in lean, marshy wetlands, open forests and thickets, but also on dry to damp, base-rich soil organic matter and clay soils.
It is found in the plant communities
- Association Molinion caeruleae
- Association Calthion
( See breakdown: Phytosociological units according to Oberdorfer )
In Europe, Bug orchid is widespread in the meridional / montane and temperate, sub-Mediterranean zone Flore.
The upper limit of the height distribution is approximately 2500 m (Morocco ).
The area of distribution extends from North Africa to the Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic Islands, France, Central Europe, South and South-Eastern Europe to parts of Russia.
Nature protection and hazard
Like all orchid species occurring in Europe is also the Bug orchid under the strictest protection of European and national laws.
- Red List of Germany: 1 ( threatened with extinction )
- Red List states: Baden- Württemberg: 1, Bavaria: 1, Brandenburg: 0, Hesse: 0, Lower Saxony: 0, Mecklenburg- Vorpommern: 0, North Rhine -Westphalia: 0, Rhineland -Palatinate: 0, Saarland: 0, Saxony: 0, Saxony -Anhalt: 0, Thuringia: 0
The Bug Orchid is one of the most endangered orchids Germany. Until the beginning of the 20th century this type was still present in all of Germany. Today there are only a few residual populations in Baden -Württemberg and Bavaria, who enjoy the greatest protection.
- Red List of Switzerland: high risk
- Regions:
North Jura: high risk; West Jura: extinct; East Switzerland: extinct; West Central Country: extinct; Eastern Plateau: high risk; Western North Alps: extinct; Eastern North Alps: high risk; Western Central Alps: high risk; Eastern Central Alps: high risk; Southern Alps: at high risk.
In 1997, the Bug Orchid Orchids Home made by the Working Group was ( AHO) declared in Germany for "Orchid of the Year" to draw attention to the problem of high sensitiveness and destruction of habitats.
Subspecies, varieties and hybrids
From Bug Knabenkraut a large number of subspecies, varieties and forms have been described that have been collected by various authors in part to species.
- Orchis coriophora subsp. Carpetana ( Willk. ) Malag. (1968)
- Orchis coriophora subsp. fragrans ( Pollini ) K. dir. (1890)
- Orchis coriophora subsp. martrinii ( Timb. - Lagr. ) Nyman (1882 )
- Orchis coriophora subsp. Olida ( Bréb. ) Nyman (1890)
- Orchis coriophora var Carpetana Willk. (1870 )
- Orchis coriophora var cassidea (M. Bieb. ) Nyman (1882 )
- Orchis coriophora var dolichoceras Maire (1939 )
- Orchis coriophora var elongata Maire (1940 )
- Orchis fragrans var coriophora ( Pollini ) Boiss. (1842 )
- Orchis coriophora var lusciniarum Maire (1939 )
- Orchis coriophora var major E. G. Camus (1900)
- Orchis coriophora var polliniana ( Spreng. ) Pollard (1824 )
- Orchis coriophora var sennenii A. Camus (1928 )
- Orchis coriophora var subsancta Balayer (1986 )
- Orchis coriophora var symphypetala bread. (1827 )
The Bug Orchid hybridized with closely related species such as the pyramids Dog Wurz ( Anacamptis pyramidalis ), the little orchid (Orchis morio ) or by marsh orchid (Orchis palustris).
- × Anacamptorchis simarrensis E. G. Camus (1908 ) - ( Orchis pyramidalis Anacamptis coriophora × )
- Orchis × Olida Breb. (1835 ) - ( Orchis Orchis morio × coriophora )
- Orchis × timbalii Velen. (1882 ) - ( Orchis Orchis palustris × coriophora )
- Orchis × parvifolia Chaub. (1821 ) - ( Orchis Orchis coriophora × laxiflora )
System
A revision of the orchid species on the basis of genetic features, the Bug Orchid was together with some other species in the genus dog Wurzen ( Anacamptis ) as Anacamptis coriophora (L.) RM Bateman, Pridgeon & M. W. Chase ( 1997) classified .. This name is now partially been used as a valid, new name, however, has not been fully enforced and is not without controversy even among experts.
In addition to the valid name of the first description coriophora Orchis L. (1753 ) this species was described in the course of a little more than a hundred years several times. The names of these descriptions are regarded as synonyms.
These are, for example:
- Anteriorchis coriophora (L.) E. Klein & Strack (1989 )
Gallery
Orchis coriophora Spain - Mallorca
Orchis coriophora Spain - Mallorca
Orchis coriophora Spain - Mallorca
Orchis coriophora, pictured with ( large ) leaves of autumn crocus, at Razloge, Slovenia - Croatia border
Biotope of Orchis coriophora in Bavaria
Inflorescence Orchis coriophora on 6 June 2001 in Bavaria Landsberg am Lech