Anatoly Lyadov
Anatoly Konstantinovich Ljadow (Russian Анатолий Константинович Лядов, scientific transliteration Anatoly Konstantinović Ljadov; * 29 Apriljul / May 11 1855greg in Saint Petersburg, .. .. † 15.jul / August 28 1914greg on Good Polinowka, Novgorod province ) was a Russian composer.
Life
Ljadow grew up motherless. Since he revealed musical talent at an early age his father gave him - Conductor at the St Petersburg Mariinsky Theatre - the first lessons before he in 1870 began his studies at the St. Petersburg Conservatory. Here he was mainly studied with Nikolai Rimsky -Korsakov, with whom he remained a lifelong friend. Although he was temporarily suspended for indiscipline from school, he completed his studies in 1878 and became very successful in the same year professor of harmony at the St. Petersburg Conservatory. A year later he began to direct the concerts of the St. Petersburg amateur music society. 1884 married Ljadow and was editor of the newly founded Belajew music publisher. From the following year he taught at the St. Petersburg court orchestra. In 1901 he was also professor of counterpoint at the Conservatory, he temporarily left in 1905 as a response to the dismissal of Rimsky -Korsakov. That same year, however, he took up teaching again and in 1906 became professor of composition, which he remained until his death. Many of his students develop into well-known composer; most famous were Sergei Prokofiev and Nikolai Myaskovsky. In addition to his activities as a composer and educator Ljadow also emerged as a draftsman.
Style
Ljadow was a member of the so-called " Second Petersburg school ", a circle of composers to the patron Mitrofan Belyayev, who was the successor of the " Mighty Handful ". Accordingly, the Russian folk music for him played a big role - he worked as a collector and arranger of popular songs. His piano work, which takes up a large part of his work, but is rarely directly inspired by folk music, but rather linked to Frédéric Chopin. From about the turn of the century Ljadow was additionally influenced by impressionistic colorings and Alexander Scriabin, he was certainly no longer willing to follow after his fifth piano sonata. Significantly stronger than the majority of his piano music, his orchestral works lean against the Russian folk music. As mentioned, Ljadow composed mostly piano miniatures as well as some short orchestral pieces; although he undoubtedly possessed great talent, was not always a happy upbringing meant that he was a life marked by a certain laziness and lack of discipline, which deterred him from larger, more labor-intensive projects. At an opera he wrote for decades without achieving significant progress; the Russian choreographer Sergei Diaghilev commissioned him in 1909 to compose a ballet called The Firebird; however, had only bought as Ljadow after some time the corresponding note paper, Dhiaghilew handed the contract to the young Igor Stravinsky. Ljadows compositions feature superior mastery of compositional craft and differentiated coloring, which sometimes even includes a tendency towards the grotesque.
Works
- Orchestral works Baba Yaga, Op 56 (1891-1904)
- Eight Russian Folk Songs, op 58 (1905 )
- The Enchanted Lake, Op 62 (1909 )
- Kikimora op 63 (1905 )
- From the Apocalypse, Op 66 ( 1910-13 )
- Nänie op 67 (1914 )
- Final scene from The Bride of Messina ( Schiller), Op 28 (1878 )
- Sorinka, opera (1879-1909, unfinished)
- Ten Russian Folk Songs for female chorus, Op 45 (1899 )
- More than 150 folk-song arrangements
- Ballade in D major op 21a From ancient times (1890, 1906 arranged for orchestra as Op 21b)
- Puppets, Op 29 (1892 )
- The Music Box, joke Waltz op 32 (1893, also for small orchestra )
- Barcarolle in F sharp major, Op 44 (1898 )
- Numerous preludes, mazurkas, etudes and other piano pieces
Honors
The Soviet post was in 1955 on the occasion of the 100th birthday Ljadows issued a special stamp.