Ancistrini
Ancistrus dolichopterus
The Ancistrini are a tribe of South American armored catfishes ( Loricariidae ). They were first as an independent subfamily ( Ancistrinae ) and were assigned in 2004 by Jonathan Armbruster as tribes of the subfamily Hypostominae. They are found throughout the northern and central South America, with the distribution area in the Orinoco and Amazon basins.
Features
The types of Ancistrini have a typical pleco shape with a flattened body and a flat, provided with a suction mouth under constant head. Characteristic features are often hooked spines on the gill covers, after which they were named (Greek: " ankistron " = barb ). These so-called Interopercular - odontodes serve the defense and can be widely splayed at risk. The shape, number and severity of Interopercular - odontodes are an important determining feature. They only lack some Pseudancistrus and Spectracanthicus species. The body lengths of the Ancistrini range from about 6 inches up to 60 to 100 centimeters. Other features include a vertically oriented Vorkiemendeckel ( Praeoperculum ), the contact of the paired frontal bone with the bony orbits (orbit ) and the crescent - or bar-shaped gill cover ( not in Spectracanthicus ).
Way of life
The Ancistrini occur both in cool mountain streams and in low-oxygen, stagnant waters of the plains. They feed mainly on building up, some species are omnivorous and the genera Panaque and Panaqolus grate from the soft wood of longer sunken tree trunks. The Ancistrini spawn in caves, the larger species burrow into the bank slopes. Smaller species use knots in sunken logs or gaps between stones. The males operate brood care and guard and clean the eggs.
Outer systematics
The Ancistrini are in the crown group of the Hypostominae and are the sister group of the Pterygoplichthini. The systematic position illustrated by the following cladogram:
Ancistrini
Pterygoplichthini
Hypostomini
Corymbophanini
Inside systematics
The Ancistrini currently comprise about 25 genera:
- Acanthicus Agassiz, 1829
- Ancistrus Kner, 1854
- Baryancistrus Rapp Py -Daniel, 1989
- Chaetostoma Tschudi, 1846
- Cordylancistrus Isbrücker, 1980
- Dekeyseria Rapp Py -Daniel, 1985
- Dolichancistrus Isbrücker, 1980
- Etsaputu Lujan, Armbruster & Rengifo, 2011
- Exastilithoxus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979
- Hemiancistrus Bleeker, 1862
- Hopliancistrus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989
- Hypancistrus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1991
- Lasiancistrus Regan, 1904
- Leporacanthicus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989
- Leptoancistrus Meek & Hildebrand, 1916
- Lithoxus Eigenmann, 1910
- Loraxichthys Salcedo, 2013
- Megalancistrus Isbrücker, 1980
- Neblinichthys Ferraris, Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1986
- Panaque Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889
- Panaqolus Isbrücker & Schraml 2001.
- Parancistrus Bleeker, 1862
- Peckoltia Miranda Ribeiro, 1912
- Pseudacanthicus Bleeker, 1862
- Pseudancistrus Bleeker, 1862
- Pseudolithoxus Isbrücker & Werner, 2001
- Scobinancistrus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989
- Spectracanthicus Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1987
Swell
- The Loricariidae by Dr. Jonathan Armbruster: Ancistrini Kner, 1853
- Claus Schaefer, Torsten Schroer: The great encyclopedia of fighting dogs, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-7497-9
- Ingo Seidel: pleco breeding. Tetra Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-89745-139-1
- Günther Sterba: freshwater fish in the world. Urania - Verlag, 1990, ISBN 3-332-00109-4