Antidesma
Antidesma platyphyllum
Antidesma is a genus of about 100 species of the family Phyllanthaceae that grow as trees or shrubs. Most species are found in tropical Asia, some in Africa, Australia and Pacific Islands. A way Antidesma bunius, is often, some more often used as fruit trees.
Description
The species of the genus Antidesma grow as trees and shrubs upright. They are dioecious. The hair of all parts consists of simple hairs. The leaves are alternate and drüsenlos. The stipules are small, the petiole usually short. The leaf blade is simple, entire and pinnately.
The inflorescences are spikes or grapes that grow in leaf axils or rarely apparent at the ends of the branches or directly on the trunk. Male flowers have a three to five times, rarely up to eight times, imbricate lobed, cup-shaped calyx. Petals absent. The disc is annular or cushion-shaped and surrounds the base of the stamens or consists of free flaps. There are three to five, rarely one or to seven stamens formed which are inflected in the bud, and later stand up straight. The stamens are longer than the calyx lobes, the anthers are zweikammerig with U-shaped connectives. The counters are separated and form the common ends of the U. The female flowers have a similar chalice as the male, petals are also missing. The discus is cushion shaped and surrounds the ovary. The ovary is longer than the calyx lobes and mostly single chamber. The chamber has two ovules are formed. The two to four scars are short with a forked end. The fruits are ovoid, elliptical or lenticular, usually single-seeded drupes with lasting pencils. The seeds are short with fleshy endosperm. The cotyledons is flattened and wide.
The basic chromosome number is x = 13
Dissemination
Most species grow in tropical Asia, about eight species in Africa, five to eight on Pacific islands and five to seven in Australia.
Systematics and history of research
Antidesma is a genus in the family Phyllanthaceae. There she is assigned to the subfamily Antidesmatoideae, Tribe Antidesmateae, subtribes Antidesmatinae. It is often also associated with the family of Euphorbiaceae ( Euphorbiaceae ), subfamily Stilaginaceae. The genus was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 in his work Species Plantarum.
In Plant List The following types are recognized:
- Antidesma acidum Retz.
- Antidesma alexiteria L.
- Antidesma ambiguum Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Antidesma anna mense Gagnep.
- Antidesma baccatum Airy Shaw
- Antidesma bhargavae Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.
- Antidesma brachybotrys Airy Shaw
- Antidesma brevipes Petra Hoffm.
- Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng.
- Antidesma catanduanense Merr.
- Antidesma celebicum Miq.
- Antidesma chalaranthum Airy Shaw
- Antidesma chonmon Gagnep.
- Antidesma cochinchinense Gagnep.
- Antidesma comptum Tul.
- Antidesma concinnum Airy Shaw
- Antidesma contractum J.J.Sm.
- Antidesma coriaceum Tul.
- Antidesma costulatum Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Antidesma cruciforme Gage
- Antidesma curranii Merr.
- Antidesma cuspidatum Müll.Arg.
- Antidesma dallachyanum Baill.
- Antidesma digitaliforme Tul.
- Antidesma eberhardtii Gagnep.
- Antidesma edule Merr.
- Antidesma elassophyllum A.C.Sm.
- Antidesma elbertii Petra Hoffm.
- Antidesma erostre F.Muell.
- Antidesma excavatum Miq.
- Antidesma ferrugineum Airy Shaw
- Antidesma fleuryi Gagnep.
- Antidesma forbesii Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Antidesma fordii Hemsl.
- Antidesma fruticosum ( Lour. ) Müll.Arg.
- Antidesma fruticulosum short
- Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn.
- Antidesma gillespieanum A.C.Sm.
- Antidesma hainanense Merr.
- Antidesma helferi Hook.f.
- Antidesma heterophyllum Blume
- Antidesma insular Gillespie
- Japonicum Siebold & Zucc Antidesma.
- Antidesma jayasuriyae Chakrab. & M.Gangop.
- Antidesma jucundum Airy Shaw
- Antidesma keralense Chakrab. & M.Gangop.
- Antidesma khasianum Hook.f.
- Antidesma kunstleri Gage
- Antidesma laciniatum Müll.Arg.
- Antidesma laurifolium Airy Shaw
- Antidesma leucocladon Hook.f.
- Antidesma leucopodum Miq.
- Antidesma macgregorii C.B.Rob.
- Antidesma maclurei Merr.
- Antidesma madagascariense Lam.
- Antidesma membranaceum Müll.Arg.
- Antidesma messianianum Guillaumin
- Antidesma microcarpum Elmer
- Antidesma minus flower
- Antidesma montanum Flower
- Antidesma montis - SILAM Airy Shaw
- Antidesma myriocarpum Airy Shaw
- Antidesma neurocarpum Miq.
- Antidesma nienkui Merr. Chun &
- Antidesma nigricans Tul.
- Antidesma oblongum ( Hutch. ) Keay
- Antidesma orthogyne ( Hook.f. ) Airy Shaw
- Antidesma pachybotryum Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Antidesma pachystachys Hook.f.
- Antidesma pacificum Müll.Arg.
- Antidesma pahangense Airy Shaw
- Antidesma parvifolium F.Muell.
- Antidesma pendulum Hook.f.
- Antidesma petiolatum Airy Shaw
- Antidesma phanrangense Gagnep.
- Antidesma platyphyllum H.Mann
- Antidesma pleuricum Tul.
- Antidesma poilanei Gagnep.
- Antidesma polystylum Airy Shaw
- Antidesma pulvinatum Hillebr.
- Antidesma puncticulatum Miq.
- Antidesma pyrifolium Müll.Arg.
- Antidesma rhynchophyllum K.Schum.
- Antidesma riparium Airy Shaw
- Antidesma rufescens Tul.
- Antidesma sinuatum Benth.
- Antidesma sootepense Craib
- Antidesma spatulifolium Airy Shaw
- Antidesma stipulare flower
- Antidesma subbicolor Gagnep.
- Antidesma subcordatum Merr.
- Antidesma tetrandrum flower
- Antidesma tomentosum flower
- Antidesma tonkinense Gagnep.
- Antidesma trichophyllum A.C.Sm.
- Antidesma vaccinioides Airy Shaw
- Antidesma velutinosum flower
- Antidesma velutinum Tul.
- Antidesma venenosum J.J.Sm.
- Antidesma venosum E.Mey. ex Tul.
- Antidesma vogelianum Müll.Arg.
Use
The type Antidesma bunius is a commonly used fruit tree, other types are occasionally planted locally as fruit trees.