Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle
Antoine de Granvelle Perrenot ( born August 20, 1517 Besançon, † September 21, 1586 in Vallecas in Madrid), eldest son of Nicolas de Perrenot Granvelle, was Cardinal and played an important role in the Spanish Netherlands as a minister. He was also an important art collector.
Life
Antoine Perrenot studied at Padua under the celebrated Pietro Bembo law, then theology at Louvain and was then introduced by his father in political circles. Shortly after his 23rd birthday, he was by Pope Paul III. appointed Bishop of Arras, ordained a priest in 1540 and on May 21, 1543 by Cardinal Juan Tavera, archbishop of Toledo, ordained a bishop. Rarely present in Arras, he left his diocese Manage by titular, first by Paschasius Maupair OP and in 1556 by François Richardot.
He attended the Imperial Diet at Worms and Regensburg at, held at the opening of the Council of Trent a speech and served under the direction of his father, 1545-50, on many occasions the emperor as a negotiator. He earned business savvy and knowledge of European politics, in which he succeeded his father in 1550 was Secretary of the Emperor. However, as such, he had neither happiness nor safety, let alone the timing of his father in difficult situations. When the government of Charles V went to Philip II, Antoine Perrenot remained in the State Council of the Spanish king, however, was no longer the actual trend-setting leader of the Spanish policy.
He led the negotiations between Spain and France, which led to the Treaty of Cateau -Cambrésis 1559. In the same year he joined the Governor of the Netherlands, Margaret of Parma, as minister to the side and was by the king in 1560 to the Archbishop of Mechlin, of Pope Pius IV March 10, 1561 confirmed before, on February 26, 1561 cardinal priest appointed, in 1562-1565 only commendam the titular church of San Silvestro in Capite, 1570 the titular church of Santa Anastasia. His archdiocese he was administered by vicars general and auxiliary bishops.
As a foreigner, he was soon the object of hatred of the Dutch, who gave him all strict measures for the load while he was suspected at Philip that his attitude promotes the progress of the new doctrine. The growing opposition of the Dutch against Granvelle and a personal detuning of the regent Margaret persuaded the king to dismiss him in 1564 from the Netherlands.
Granvelle went to Besançon, and there used to contact with scholars and artists. 1565 Philip sent him to Rome to represent the interests of Spain in the College of Cardinals and in the immediate vicinity of the Pope. From Rome Granvelle went from 1571 to 1575 as viceroy to Naples and was, after a new residence in Rome, was appointed in 1579 with the title of President of the Supreme Council of Italy and Madrid in the State Council. In 1578 he became cardinal priest with the titular church of Santa Maria in Trastevere.
He negotiated nor the union of Portugal with Spain ( 1580) and brought the connection of the Infanta Catherine with the Duke of Savoy concluded ( 1584).
After his resignation as archbishop of Mechelen Granvelle in 1584 was elected Archbishop of Besançon and of Pope Gregory XIII. confirmed and received the pallium. The administration of the diocese took his relatives Jacues de Saint -Maurice, Prior of Bellefontaine, and François de Grammont.
After his death on September 21, 1586, the funeral ceremony in Madrid, his body was transferred to Besançon. His estate contained an important collection of manuscripts and prints.
His letters and memoirs are in the archives to Besançon. Made communications from it
- Prosper Levesque in " Mémoires pour servir à l' histoire du cardinal Granvelle " (Paris 1753);
- The largest part is edited by Charles White: " Paplers d' État du cardinal de Granvelle " (Paris 1842-61, 9 vols );
- A continuation gave Edmond Poullet and Charles Piot out ( " Correspondance du cardinal Granvelle 1565-86 ", Brussels 1878-84, vol 1-4).
Of his brothers was the elder, Thomas Perrenot, comte de Cante -Croix (* 1521), Spanish ambassador in Paris and Vienna, and died in 1571; the other, Friedrich Perrenot de Champagne ( * 1536), 1578-84 was held in 1571 governor of Antwerp and for aiding the Dutch Revolt in detention and died in 1600.