Araujia
Araujia sericifera
Araujia is a plant genus in the subfamily of the milkweed family ( Asclepiadoideae ). The approximately nine species are originally native only to South America.
- 4.1 Literature
- 4.2 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Araujia species grow as a perennial, semi- shrubs and creepers. The 5 to 6 meter long Stems woody at least at the base and are hairless hairy to densely bristly. They contain a white milky sap.
The oppositely arranged leaves are constantly stalked. The herbaceous, simple leaf blades are at a length of 5 to 11 cm (exceptionally up to 15 cm) and a width of 0.8 to 4 cm (exceptionally up to 8 cm) wide ovate, triangular, spear- shaped and pointed. The Spreitenbasis is heart-shaped, truncate to cuneate. The leaf top and bottom is colored differently, the upper leaf surface is glabrous to weakly and finely hairy fluffy and the lower leaf surface is significantly pubescent to woolly, the hairs ( trichomes ) are whitish. There are two to four glands ( Colle Teren ) present at the base of the leaves.
Generative features
One to five flowers are schraubelig to sciadioidal ( = pseudo- umbel- shaped, derived from a Schraubel by reducing the rachis ) in an inflorescence together, with one to three flowers open at the same time. The short inflorescence stem and flower stems are hairy kurzfilzig.
The flower buds are ovoid to spherical. The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and fünfzählig. The five large free sepals are leaves- leaf-like, more or less erect, ovate and pointed. The five 5 to 20 mm long, more or less upright petals are urns to - bell-shaped fused between half and about three quarters of the length. The colors of the petals varies from cream - pink to cream - greenish. The wide - triangular petals are dextral coiled or twisted. The inset in the corolla tube corona is in five parts and shorter than the Gynostegium. Your only fused at their base or free tip are broad - triangular, erect or bent. The Gynostegium is sessile and concealed in the corolla tube. The vanes of the five stamens parallel to each other and are shorter than the pen and the dust bag is rectangular. The hanging pollinia are ovoid to spherical.
The solitary, pendulous follicles have a length of 7.5 to 15 cm and a diameter of 0.4 to 3 cm and are ellipsoidal, with stalk round cross section and a blunt or slightly geschnabelter tip. You can have longitudinal pits and be outside glabrous or slightly warty. The pericarp is thick lignified. The dark brown seeds are ovate with a length of 4.5 to 7 mm and a diameter of 2 to 2.5 mm. The rim has no wings, but he is perforated. The silky head of hair is 4-5 inches long.
The chromosome number is 2n = 20 ( Araujia angustifolia) and 22 ( Araujia sericifera ).
Flowers Ecology
Pollination is usually by moths with long suckers. For Araujia sericifera is also the German common name "Torture plant" and the English common name " moth catcher " is used, this refers to the fact that the flower works on the principle of a terminal event and the proboscis of butterflies can be caught, that the insect no longer comes free. Only after the pollination of flowering ( usually the next morning ) leaves the clamping action by and the butterfly comes free again.
Occurrence
The Araujia species are native to South America ( Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay) limited. You get there before in dry to moist forests and bush savannas, often in cultivated land or aufgelassenem cultivated land.
Araujia sericifera is used as an ornamental plant and now wild in many parts of the world, for example in New Zealand, South Africa, southern Spain and North America.
System
The genus Araujia was built in 1817 by Felix de Avelar Brotero ( 1744-1828 ) in Descriptions of a new Genus of Plants, named Araujia, and of a new species of Passiflora, in the Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Bd.12, S firstdescribed .62 ff and mapped to the table 4 and 5, in which he published as a monotypic genus, ie with only one type. The only published there is the kind Araujia sericifera bread., There is no statement about a voucher specimen deposited was given. To put Paul I. Forster and Peter V. Bruyns 1992, a specimen of the Herbarium Jardim Botânico Museu Nacional de História Natural Universidade de Lisboa ( LISU ) as Lectotypusmaterial fixed. Synonyms for Araujia bread. are Lagenia E.Fourn. and Physianthus Mart .. The genus belongs to the subtribe Araujia Oxypetalinae from the tribe Asclepiadeae in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae within the family Apocynaceae.
The genus Araujia is divided into three sections and contains a total of about nine species.
- Araujia angustifolia ( Hook. & Arn. ) Steud.
- Araujia hortorum E.Fourn.
- Araujia megapotamica ( Spreng. ) G.Don
- Araujia plumosa Schltr.
- Araujia sericifera bread. ( Syn: . Araujia sericofera bread orthographic errors in the original description, Araujia albens ( Mart. ) G.Don, Physianthus albens Mart, Araujia hortorum Fourn, Schubertia albens sensu auct ... . )
- Araujia stormiana Morong
- Araujia subhastata E.Fourn.