Art museum

An art museum is a public or private Museum, collected, archived and exhibited in the works of art by various artists. Many state art museums operate art historical research and to seek the restoration of works of art.

Kunstmuseum types

The Berlin Institute for Museum counts inherent in its museum statistics as to art museums, museums with the following collection areas: art and architecture, handicrafts, ceramics, church treasures and ecclesiastical art, film, photography.

Dealt an art museum with the oeuvre of a single artist or a single artist, is spoken by an artist museum. An art museum that collects only paintings and exhibits, is also referred to as art gallery or art gallery. Under Gallery is however understood at the present time mostly a sales space for art objects. A gallery serves therefore as opposed to an art museum to the sale of the works on display at public or private collectors. A legal term of art museum does not exist, so that everyone can use that term.

History

In the Middle Ages gathered church institutions precious liturgical items and works of art. The objects collected are the basis for today's Cathedral Museums dar. Since the 14th century European royal houses put on art collections. Early forms are found in the 18th century, mainly as a princely collections, art and curio cabinets.

The Age of Revolution and change of civic orders from 1789 to 1830 led to a number of new museums and a new orientation was regarded in the art as the property of the nation, for example, to read in the history of the Louvre in Paris. With the rise of the bourgeoisie in the 19th century municipal art collections emerged. Since then, it was mainly high net worth individuals who contribute as patrons by gift, donation or bequest of their private collections to create new public art museums.

As the actual founder of the Time Art Museums applies the time frame from 1830 to 1880 ( " Museum Age" ), to art museums join the modern age.

Among the museum and town planning aspects were significant and the following museum start-ups: In 1743, the Uffizi ( Medici collection ) in Florence, 1775, the extension of the Museo Pio - Clementino by Pius VI. ( now in the Vatican Museums ), 1800, the Musée Napoléon in Paris (now the Louvre), the Rijksmuseum, founded in 1808, but only 1877/85 provided by the architect Pierre Cuypers with a museum in Amsterdam, initiated in 1816 by Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria, However, until 1830 by the architect Leo von Klenze finished Glyptothek in Munich, founded in 1817, provided with its own museum in 1878 Städel Art Institute, or the Städel in Frankfurt am Main, 1819, the Museo del Prado in Madrid, in 1824, the Wallraf -Richartz- Museum in Cologne, which was founded in 1824, but only from 1832 to 1838, built the National Gallery in London, which was built in 1825-1828 by the architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Altes Museum in Berlin, 1836, the Alte Pinakothek in Munich, from 1839 to 1852 also designed by Leo von Klenze built New Hermitage in Saint Petersburg.

This was followed from 1842 to 1845, the Museum Ferdinandeum in Innsbruck, from 1844 to 1849, the Kunstmuseum Basel, 1846-1853, built by the architect Friedrich von Gärtner Neue Pinakothek in Munich, from 1847 to 1849 built Kunsthalle Bremen, in 1855, opened Old Masters Picture Gallery in the Semper Gallery in Dresden, 1855, the Smithsonian institution in Washington, DC, the 1863-1869 built Kunsthalle Hamburg, which opened in 1893, but already in 1851 declining Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow.

1867 to 1876 the National Gallery in Berlin (now Old National Gallery ), built in Chicago followed 1879, the Art Institute of Chicago, 1879, the Kunstmuseum Bern, 1880, The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York at its present location, in London 1897, the Tate Gallery, the 1898-1902 built in Moscow 's Pushkin Museum, and in 1902 the Museum Folkwang in Hagen.

In the 20th century, then develop new exhibition concepts, such as White Cube and oriented it art museum architecture in the 21st century bishin to surrender premises as a virtual art museums.

Italy

The Medici gathered in Florence, next period art and contemporary art, creating with their acquisitions today's core of the Uffizi Gallery. On the archway of the top lap of the Uffizi, the galleria, the term goes back to the gallery name of art galleries and art museums.

Austria

Emperor Rudolf II ( HRR ) met in Prague as a major art collector and patron in appearance. His art collection is legendary and was the largest of its time. After the sack of Prague in 1648 it was scattered throughout the world. Now a part of this art collection forms the basis of Brueghelsammlung of the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.

Germany

As the first independent gallery building which was built 1709-1712 Picture Gallery Dusseldorf is to be considered, which thus created a stand-alone building type of the Art Museum.

Russia

As an absolutist ruler founded Empress Catherine II (Russia) in Saint Petersburg in 1764, the Hermitage.

France

Initiated by Napoleon Bonaparte secularization of ecclesiastical possessions brought the art museums (for example Louvre) an increase in art objects.