Artocarpus
Breadfruit tree ( Artocarpus altilis )
The breadfruit ( Artocarpus ) are a genus of the family of the mulberry family ( Moraceae ). They are native to the subtropical and tropical Asia and Malaysia's. Fruits and wood of some species are of economic importance.
Description
Vegetative characteristics
All Artocarpus species grow as evergreen or deciduous trees. They contain latex. The alternate, distichous or spirally arranged on the branches leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The large leaf blade is easy to pinnatisect, rarely pinnately lobed, entire and leathery texture. The ever-present Stipules are non grow.
Generative features
Artocarpus species are monoecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( dioecious ). Often on the trunk or main branches occasionally kopfige inflorescences with numerous flowers are formed.
The male flowers are surrounded by non- growing and stalked to club-shaped, interfloralen bracts. The sepals are fused with Roehrig two to four short calyx lobes that are touching flush or slightly overlap. There is only one stamen with spherical to oblong anthers present, which protrudes slightly to significantly higher than the calyx tube.
The female flowers are at least partially fused together or with the interfloralen bracts. The cup is also tubular, thin-walled at the base, thick-walled at the end and either completely or not at all grow together. The ovary is straight up, the pen in the middle or slightly to the side standing with one or two equal or unequal scars.
Flowers and bracts are fused laterally to form after fertilization as a fleshy fruit Synkarp = Association. The seeds have no endosperm.
Dissemination
The genus Artocarpus is distributed from the tropical to subtropical Asia to the islands of the Pacific.
System
The first description of the genus Artocarpus was published by the German naturalist Johann Reinhold Forster scientists and Johann Georg Adam Forster 1775 in Characteres Generum Plantarum, 102, Table 51 and 51a. The two, father and son, took part in the Second South Pacific Travel ( 1772-1775 ) by James Cook. With the publication of their collected results they placed the genus Artocarpus with the description of the species Artocarpus communis (now valid name Artocarpus altilis ) scratch. The genus name is derived from the Greek words for bread and artos carpos for fruit together. Synonyms for Artocarpus J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. are: Polyphema Lour, Radermachia Thunb, Sitodium Parkinson. .. The genus Artocarpus belongs to the tribe Artocarpeae in the family Moraceae.
The genus of breadfruit ( Artocarpus ) contains 50 to 60 species distinguished. The genus is divided into subgenera and Artocarpus Pseudojaca. Here is a selection types:
The following previously unclassified species here are currently assigned to other genera:
- Artocarpus cannonii W.Bull ex Van Houtte: Today Is Ficus aspera G.Forst.
- Artocarpus woodii Merr. Parartocarpus Today Is venenosa (inch & Moritzi ) Becc.
Use
Under the trade name " terap " are traded timbers of the following species: in addition to some species of the genus and the species Antiaris Parartocarpus toxicaria, Artocarpus chaplasha, Artocarpus elasticus, Artocarpus scortechinii, Artocarpus hypargyreus, Artocarpus Artocarpus styracifolius and tonkinensis
The fruit of the jackfruit tree ( Artocarpus heterophyllus ) of Cempedakbaumes ( Artocarpus integer), from Artocarpus Artocarpus tonkinensis and mariannensis be eaten. There are hundreds of known varieties.
The latex of Artocarpus hypargyreus is processed.
Swell
- Zhengyi Wu, Zhe - Kun Zhou & Michael G. Gilbert: Moraceae in the Flora of China, Volume 5, 2003, p 30: Online.
- N. Y. C. Zerega, D. Ragone, T. J. MOTLEY: Systematics and species limits of breadfruit ( Artocarpus, Moraceae ), In: Systematic Botany, 30, 2005, pp. 603-615: PDF Online
- Reinhard Lieberei, Christoph rice Dorff: Crop Science - founded by Wolfgang Franke. 7th edition, Thieme -Verlag, 2007; S. 104 f, 212 f; ISBN 978-3-13-530407-6