Atriplex patula
Orache ( Atriplex patula ) at the field edge
The Orache ( Atriplex patula ), and Rod reporting, rare Expanded reporting, common reporting, Common Reporting or Spreizmelde called, is a species of the genus of the Report ( Atriplex ) in the family of Amaranthaceae ( Amaranthaceae ).
Further documented for plant German -language common names are Milten, Mistmilten, Scheißmilten and scared Malter.
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
The Orache is an annual herbaceous plant. The upright, in the upper part distinctly ribbed and striped stem reaches a length of (10 to ) 30 to 100 ( 150 ) cm. He is highly branched with long, horizontally or diagonally splayed to arcuately ascending branches that are dark green and hairless.
The alternate ( the lowest against constantly ) on the stem arranged leaves are divided into leaf blade and petiole. The petiole is 5 to 12 mm long. The leaves have a length of 25 to 120 mm and a width of usually from 3 to 40 (up to 75 ) mm. The green leaf blade on both sides of the lower leaves is elongated triangular- rhomboidal, pike -shaped or slightly three-lobed, serrated with a wedge-shaped leaf base or basal spit corners and the edges. The leaf blade of the top, on the bottom sometimes greyish leaves are lanceolate and usually entire.
Inflorescence and flower
In aged men interrupted inflorescences the flowers are borne in balls from four to ten flowers. The Orache is monoecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( monoecious ) or nearly dioecious.
The male flowers have four to five oblong, green bracts ( tepals ) and four to five stamens. The female flowers are of two green, rhombic continue reading sheathed bracts are not present, they contain only a vertical ovary with two thread-like scars.
Fruit and seeds
The vertical fruit is enveloped by the herbaceous, in the bottom third ( almost to the center) intergrown with each other continue reading that can turn black to fruit ripening. They are 2-7 ( up to 20) mm long, rhombic or rhombic- triangular, serrated at the widest point with stretched upward side corners and entire or. On her back they usually wear a tag.
The membranous pericarp surrounds the seeds. There are two different forms seeds ( Heterokarpie ): light brown, slightly concave seeds having a diameter of 1.8 to 3 mm, and reddish- black, flat or convex seeds having a diameter of about 1.5 (up to 2) mm.
Chromosome number
As chromosome numbers are 2n = 36 and 2n = 18 specified.
Ecology
The Orache is a C3 plant with normal leaf anatomy.
The flowering period extends from July to October in Germany, fruit ripening is from September to October. The pollination is generally due to the wind, or by self-pollination rarely by insects. The surrounding the fruit bracts elongate after flowering and serve as a flight organ for the wind spread; next carried Swimming spread and people spread as ruderal. The plant is a winter stayer.
The Orache is used by the caterpillars of butterflies as food, for example Meldenflureule ( Dicestra trifolii ) and Meldeneule (trachea atriplicis ), the Miniersackträger Coleophora vestianella, Goosefoot Pug ( Eupithecia sinuosaria ), Sign - blade tensioner ( Pelurga comitata ), the Bluebird Brephidium exilis, the spring moth Emmelina monodactyla and decorative moths Scythris limbella and Scythris sinensis. The nymphs of the Report Bug Parapiesma quadratum suck the sap.
A downy mildew fungus Peronospora minor, lives parasitically on the spreading alarm. On living stems numerous black spots of the Ascomycota - anamorph Stagonospora atriplicis can be caused by the fruiting bodies ( pycnidia ).
Occurrence
The natural range of the spreading reporting includes all of Europe, North Africa, West Asia and Siberia to the Chinese province of Xinjiang. As an introduced species, they can also be found in other parts of China. In North America, Orache has been introduced in the first half of the 18th century and spread widely there today. In South America it is introduced before.
Their habitat are almost everywhere ruderal, rarely the Orache also grows on seashores or in sandy steppes. In Germany the Orache is a archaeophyte or was possibly even without the intervention of man already endemic. It settles short-lived weeds corridors in fields and gardens, at dumps or paths, or grows at low-tide river banks. She prefers fresh, nutrient-rich, loose clay and loamy soils with a neutral soil pH. From the plane it penetrates up to an altitude of 1100 meters. In the system of plant sociology it is a Kennart Class Chenopodietea, and a differentiating the Association Chenopodion rubri.
System
The Orache ( Atriplex patula ) counts within the genus Atriplex to section Teutliopsis Dumort.
The first publication of Atriplex patula was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum 2, pp. 1053-1054 synonyms of Atriplex patula L. angustifolia are Atriplex Sm, Atriplex patula subsp. producta ( Guss. ) Giardina & Raimondo and Atriplex amana post, Atriplex erecta Huds. , Atriplex macrodira cast. , Atriplex patula subsp. amana (Post) Aellen, Atriplex patula subsp. erecta ( Huds. ) Arcang. Atriplex patula and subsp. macrodira ( Guss. ) Arcang. In the Flora of North America Atriplex hastata also be subsp. patula (L.) S.Pons, Atriplex hastata var patula (L.) Farwell and Teutiopsis patula (L.) Selak cited as synonyms.
Use
The young leaves are edible and the spreading alarm can raw or cooked like spinach are prepared. Its mild, somewhat expressionless taste can be improved by the addition of herbs. The seeds are suitable for consumption, albeit a bit tedious to harvest. They can be used to thicken soups or ground as flour additive.
The fresh ripe seeds are to be an effective laxative.