Auguste Chauveau
Jean -Baptiste Auguste Chauveau ( born November 21, 1827 in Villeneuve- la- Guyard, Yonne department, † January 4, 1917 in Paris) was a French veterinarian, bacteriologist and immunologist and professor at the Ecole nationale vétérinaire in Lyon ( ENVL ) to President of the Académie des Sciences and the Académie nationale de médecine. Among other things, he led the cardiac catheter into the physiological research. Clostridium chauvoei, the cause of the noise Brands, is named after him.
Biography
Chauveau was born on 21 November 1827 as the son of a blacksmith in Villeneuve- la- Guyard. From 1844, he studied veterinary medicine at the Veterinary School in Maisons -Alfort, near Paris, where he assisted his teacher Henri Marie Bouley when writing a work on the anatomy of the hoof. At the age of 21, he completed his studies at the ENVL in Lyon. There he got a job as head of the practical work in anatomy and physiology.
Chauveau 1863 was appointed professor of anatomy and physiology; the following year he married Justine Mery and he was elected member of the Académie nationale de médecine. 1875, he was awarded the post of rector of EVNL, from 1877 he was responsible for training in comparative and experimental medicine, and received an honorary doctorate.
With the discovery of vaccination against anthrax in 1880 he defended his former pupil Henry Toussaint against Louis Pasteur, who claimed to have developed the first vaccine. He revived Toussaint's new research project and was able to prove in 1882 that its method of vaccine production was actually older than that of Pasteur.
On April 19, 1886 Chauveau was admitted as a successor of his teacher Bouley to the Académie des sciences. At the same time he became inspector general of the veterinary schools of France and Professor of Comparative Pathology at the Paris Natural History Museum. His duties at the ENVL were taken over by Chauveau's pupil and friend Saturnin Arloing. 1907 Chauveau was chosen as the successor of Henri Poincaré elected president of the Académie. On May 12, 1889 he was admitted as a Foreign Member of the Royal Society.
1911 could retire Chauveau, was elected nationale de médecine in the same year but still the president of the Académie. He died on January 4, 1917 in Paris.
Research
Chauveau's Traité d' anatomie comparée des animaux domestiques, a first publicized in 1857 Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy, is still viewed as an important work of veterinary medicine. It was still 50 years after the first edition in print.
From 1855 on, Chauveau researched the physiology of the heart. Together with Etienne -Jules Marey, he explored the mechanism of blood circulation, and together with this, he developed 1861-1863 intracardiac cardiography, in which the blood pressure within the heart by cardiac catheters is measured. The Court noted, in each side of the heart, a catheter: The left ventricle he reached on the external carotid artery, the right of the external jugular vein. He could disprove the theories Beaus, after which the heart sounds would arise during diastole through this research. Marey and Chauveau published based on their experiments in 1862 and 1863 two books on the cardiovascular system.
Chauveau 1865 went to study an outbreak of rinderpest to England. Here he discovered the possibility of infection through the digestive tract and hypothesized that such an infection could also take place between different species. Around 1866 he drafted a theory about different viruses and the influence of different routes of infection on their virulence. Through the reproduction of Toussaint's work on anthrax he was able to prove that he had first developed a vaccine against the disease.
Because of his research on infections recommended Chauveau in 1872 the introduction of a systematic meat inspection and operating the inclusion of such in the curriculum of the French veterinary schools.
Awards and honors
On August 4, 1907 Chauveau was appointed Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour. 1926 was built in his honor in Lyon a statue and a street named after him.
Works (selection)
- Auguste Chauveau (1827-1917) et l' essor de l' énergétique dans la française au physiology tournant du siècle (PDF, 741 kB)
- Chauveau, A.. Exposé by the titres scientifiques de A. Chauveau, Lauréat de l'Institut. Paris: imprimerie A. de Martinet. , 1863.
- Chauveau, Auguste Jean Baptiste. Details of the titres scientifiques de M. Chauveau A ... candidat à la place d' économie vacante dans la section Rurale de l' Académie des sciences. Paris: Asselin et Cie. In 1886.
- Revue scientifique 1917 Gallica.fr