Auguste Henri Victor Grandjean de Montigny
Auguste Henri Victor Grandjean de Montigny ( born July 15, 1776 in Paris, † March 2, 1850 in Rio de Janeiro) was a French architect and town planner of classicism, which in Kassel and from 1816 worked in Rio de Janeiro in 1808 and also as university teachers exercised great influence.
Life
Auguste Grandjean de Montigny grew up in Paris, where he studied architecture at Charles Percier and Pierre -François- Léonard Fontaine. In 1799 he won with his design of a " cimetière Élysée ou de 500 mètres " (cemetery 500 meters ) the prestigious Prix de Rome, which allowed him to four years to study the classical monuments in Rome. He then returned to France to work in the service of Napoleon Bonaparte.
In 1807 he was appointed by Jérôme Bonaparte, who had been made by his brother to the King of Westphalia, as " Premier architecte " in its capital city of Kassel. His most important job was there after the city palace was burned in 1811, the remodeling and expansion of the Bellevue Palace as a residence for Jérôme. Furthermore, the Museum Fridericianum was rebuilt according to his plans for "Palace of the Estates " and thus the first German parliament building. Other projects for the expansion of Kassel were not realized, as the Kingdom of Westphalia ceased to exist ready in 1813. Nevertheless Grandjean continued to practice from a strong influence on the Kassel architecture development, especially over his former business partner Johann Conrad Bromeis, the Grand Empire style jeans retained as later chief architect of the Elector Wilhelm II of Hesse -Kassel and further mediated as a teacher.
1813 had Grandjean leave after the lost battle of Leipzig Kassel. He returned to Paris, where in the same year his first engravings " Recueil des plus beaux tombeaux Executes en Italie pendant les XVe et XVIe siècles " appeared ( collection of the most beautiful tombs of Italy in the 15th and 16th century ). 1815 was followed by an earned with Auguste Pierre Sainte Marie Famin another work: "Architecture Toscane " ( Tuscan architecture ).
After the end of the reign of Napoleon Grandjean also left Paris. He joined a group of artists, which emigrated under the leadership of Joachim Lebreton at the invitation of the Portuguese government to Rio de Janeiro, where in 1808 the court of King John VI. had settled in Portugal. On March 26, 1816, the group reached Rio de Janeiro. King John then founded the " École Royale des Sciences, Arts et Métiers " and instructed the French people to the training of a new generation of artists and the implementation of projects in accordance with the rules of the then current classicism. Grandjean has been made responsible for the degree program in Architecture. He also designed the building of the new school, which was opened ( Imperial Academy and School of Fine Arts) in 1826 during the reign of Emperor Peter I as " Academia Imperial e Escola the Belas Artes ".
On behalf of John VI. He also planned the left today are the stock market at the " Praça do Comercio " in the center of Rio de Janeiro, which was completed in 1820. Rather modest exterior it contains inside a large, vaulted room, which is inspired by the style of the Roman basilica and has a dome with a light opening. The main axis is surrounded by galleries with Doric columns.
In 1820 he presented a plan for the urban redevelopment of the center of Rio de Janeiro. In it he planned including a monumental axis, should connect the pier and the Imperial Palace. From this project, however, little has been implemented.
For himself he built in 1826 in Gávea a large neo-classical house with two floors, which is partially surrounded by galleries with Doric columns. Access to the first floor was an elegant staircase. The rear part of the house had two oval rooms.
Numerous projects Grand jeans were never realized, such as his plans for an Imperial Library (1841 ) and a Senate building (1848 ). The drawings are now kept in the National Museum of Fine Arts.
Although he had not built much, he practiced as a teacher of great influence on the development of architecture in Brazil. Among his students were there the Brazilians Rebelo Jacinto, Teodoro de Oliveira and the Portuguese Joaquim Monteiro and José Francisco Bethencourt da Silva.
Grandjean died 1850 in Rio de Janeiro.
Works
Unexecuted projects
Publications
- Recueil des plus beaux Tombeaux Executes en Italie pendant les XVe et XVIe siècles, Paris 1813
- Architecture de la Toscane, Paris 1815