Azerbaijani Music
The Azerbaijani music is vocal on their tradition essentially and can be roughly divided into the areas of traditional urban music of mugam and in the more rural music of folk singer ( Aşık ) divide. In addition there are since the end of the 19th century based on the western classical and symphonic music since the mid-20th century, its own forms of jazz.
The folk music of the bards
Aşık ( georg. აშუღი, poor. Աշուղ to Arab. عاشق the lover ) is the name for a storyteller and folk singers in Azerbaijan and Turkey. The same tradition exists in the entire Caucasus region since pre-Islamic times. In Azerbaijan, his main instrument is the lute saz; it can additionally of a wind instrument ( eg balaban the short oboe, similar to the Turkish mey ) and ( Nagara eg the small tube drum) accompanied a percussion instrument. Two balaban usually play as a group balabanchylar dastasi with a Nagara together. ( See also: Azerbaijani Ashiqs Art )
The music consists of melody types ( hava, pers اوه, air), which have their own name (eg Koroğlu, Misri ); their total number is expected to amount to about 100. The texts consist of a hand of shorter poems (eg type qoşma, quatrains with elfsilbigen verses ) gallant, moral or religious content, on the other hand, longer lyrical or epic ballads ( dastan ) such as " Koroğlu ", " Äsli fathers Käräm "or" Leyli fathers Mäcnun ". Tend to the folk music of Aschugen more in rural areas and in the south of Azerbaijan and the adjacent Iranian region of the same name is located.
The art of music
The term Mugam ( to Arab. مقام location ) means both classical music as well as mode because as in many Asian musical cultures a modal melody is the approach. The closest links are made to the Persian Maqām. A Mugam has a basic modal substance ( mayä ) and individual characteristics ( şöbä, guşä ). Develops a mugam, way to create a complex system modal ( dästgah ). The twelve Azerbaijani muğamlar divided into seven main ( races, sur, Segah, çahargah, Bayati - Siraz, şüştär, humayun, ) and five Nebenmodi ( ( Mahur ( Mahur Hindi, Orta Mahur ), Bayati - Kürd, Bayati - qacar, nava - nişapur, rähab ) ). The typical instrumentation consists of long-necked lute ( tar), spiked fiddle ( kamança ) and tambourine ( DAEF ). The lyrics often come from the classic poetry ( Nizami, Näsimi, Fizuli among other things, for example in the form of qäzäl ). The art of mugham is more likely attributable to the cities or to the north of Azerbaijan.
Intermediate forms
As hybrid forms between folk and art music, get a rhythmic Mugam ( zärbi - mugam ) View Songs simpler character ( täsnif ) and dance tunes ( Räng ), which can also be inserted in the free interpretation of mugam.
Western influences
On the way to Russia a symphonic music in Azerbaijan, which is linked to the tradition of mugam and their leading representative Üzeyir Hacıbäyov (1885-1948) was originated from the late 19th century.
From the Anglo-Saxon was a little later and then again popular in the 1960s jazz ( caz - mugam ). The composer and pianist Vaqif Mustafazadä and the pianist and singer Aziza Mustafa Zadeh are known. End of the 20th century was a Azerbaijani pop music.