Barge

Vessels without their own drive are mainly used in the inland waterways. They are either pushed or pulled, and are mainly used for transportation of people and goods. The names differ depending on the application.

Lighter

A Light (also called Barge ) is an unpowered, floating cargo container is moved in the pushed convoy. He is a crew -less vehicle and has no real drive of its own. Part of the barges that are used in convoys now have -headed. These are used for better maneuverability of pushed convoys, for example in the empty decline in violent winds. The head rudder is controlled by the push boat. The Light are equipped with windlasses and coupling winches. Barges, which are used in coupling associations, almost always have a multi-channel bow-thruster. With their help, they can perform restricted maneuvers in harbors and on leaving locks on their own. Light that are always part of a coupling Association, in contrast to barges in convoys a pointed bow and very often also have an apartment in the bow area. In many cases these have lighter close to the anchor and coupling winches also have a ballast system with which the draft may be adapted to the shifting of the ship.

The Light most commonly used is the Euro- Light type IIa with a length of 76.50 m, a width of 11.40 m and a loading capacity of 2,850 tons. There are also larger and smaller barges were often adapted in their dimensions to the particular waterway conditions in some trades. Another type of Light are the LASH barges are transported by sea and reach inland waterways in compilation by barge their destination.

LASH barges

LASH barges are floating transport containers, which are transported by LASH carriers by sea. They have a size of 18.75 x 9.50 m and a lifting capacity of 370 tons. This Light can be either floated out at the seaport or left with on-board cranes to water. For further transport inland the barges are assembled into convoys and pushed by a pusher boat. Since the lighters without anchoring system are and do not have the bow, head Bargen be coupled to the head of the association.

Soul lights may

Soul lights may, also known as pontoon or barge, are also similar to those used in Light of inland navigation depending on the design, for varied purposes of overseas transport. In contrast to inland they are deported, except in exceptional cases, by sea. They are adapted in size and design the harder burden their area of ​​application and offer except facilities for mooring usually also Notschleppeinrichtungen and anchor gear. Special constructions such as Schwergutleichter are also equipped some with structures for accommodation, auxiliary machinery and pump systems for diving the barge.

A special form is the Hong Kong Derrick Barge, which is used in this form only in Hong Kong.

Lighter

Barges are used to transport goods which are unloaded from ships to the warehouses in the port area or in the immediate environs. In the port of Hamburg the leader of a barge is called Ewerführer. Classic cargo are: sand, gravel, coal, scrap, debris and waste.

Barge

In the field of coastal protection are barges with folding down the floor - split barges called - used for the movement of sand and discharge without any additional aids. In the inland waterways, the barge is a common means of transport for the dumping of dredged material from the rivers and especially of mining residues. Thus, the barge remains buoyant with the fold floor, it has a double hull

Bauhütte ship

A ship building yard is similar to a trailer. It does not have its own drive and is towed to its applications. It serves as a lounge and is equipped as required with stove, heater, toilet, washing facilities and Büro-/Werkraum. In this context, the use of a power plant vessel is seen. Bauhütte ships will also gladly converted into houseboats or barges.

Scow

In construction barge is a large, flat, elongated rectangular watercraft to carry out construction work in the water, such as excavators, pile driving and extracting piles, with a simple or a coupled barge the necessary equipment, such, excavators, pile drivers and basic saws, as well as the workers receives. Barges have as opposed to barges and barges no cargo space, the cargo is stowed on deck. Heavy transport barges are also equipped with ballast systems to compensate for the stress states during loading and unloading can.

In sailboat racing, the term starting barge is in use. Again, it is a flat, floating platform (if not, one speaks of a committee boat ). The launch barge is at the start or finish at anchor and mostly serves as a limit on the start or finish line. The race committee from the start barge from the flag signals for the start of the regatta in or registered to the finish line.

History

Barge -like vessels were probably first by inserting a broader soils along side the separated dugouts, a measure that pursued similar goals such as using fiddles. An early example of a barge is called a Gallo- Roman finds from Bevaix in Switzerland, today in Laténium, Museum of Champréveyres on Lake Neuchâtel. With the barge of Ljubljana and the wreck of Comacchio are approximately contemporaneous finds. Another example of the barge, which was used in river transport, comes from Krefeld and is over 16 meters long. It dates from the early middle ages and is dated to the Carolingian period in the 8th and 9th centuries.

Barges were used in large numbers as a downer, but with the water level, and outgoing support for ramps in pre-industrial harbors (see also Ponton ), the onset until the mid-19th century industrialization of the waterway transport were fixed by quay walls. Thus, for example, were in Lübeck until major port expansion under Peter Rehder all berths for domestic as for seagoing vessels almost exclusively barge bridges that were applied to the otherwise secured only through piles and piles over the Trave. The loading and unloading of ships was done over the bridges by the guild of porters by hand. Only the use of cranes and construction of the port railways required towards the end of the 19th century in addition to growing vessels in the steam era strong embankments of stable quay walls, founded on deeply driven into the ground oak piles.

Barge

The barge, also called the towing vessel or barge, evolved from the early Treidelkähnen. For centuries questioned the inland waterways, the major pathways for the transport of goods between the port cities and inland cities located along rivers dar. In Central Europe were very different, developed the particular waterway conditions adapted Kahn types. These were sailed or towed by man or horse power and could carry very little load. Main goods transported were products of the interior, such as grain, coal, peat, wood, ores, salt and finished products as well as imported goods, so-called colonial goods. With the introduction of the steam tug in the 19th century, the boats got bigger, on the Rhine up to 130 meters long and a payload of up to 4200 tons. There were open boats, those with hatch cover and tank barges. The crew had apartments on the barges, aft (rear) attended the skipper, also called skipper, with his family and back, mostly in the so-called Vorunter, the sailors. Life on board was very simple, there was no electricity, heated with coal stoves. The windlasses are long time still operated manually. The work at the helm was very hard. Most boats had an open wheelhouse with horizontal reel, depending on the size of the boat had several meters in diameter. Depending on water conditions had to stand at the helm of the entire crew. Barges are still used today on the Weser, Elbe and Danube, few can see it also in the Netherlands.

Towed ship

From a towed ship is when a manövrierunfähiges ship, either by machine or rudder failure, is propelled by one or more tugs, for example, for the repair in a shipyard. On the middle Rhine between Bingen and St. Goar tractors are temporarily used to support motor vessels in the ascent when they are not motorized enough.

Image examples

• Barges, lighters, tow

Bauschute with excavator in a bridge construction site

Barge during unloading

Derrickbargen in Hong Kong loaded a container ship

Old barge in Husum Harbour

Barges in the port of Hamburg