Bishop of Orkney
The names and order of the early bishops of Orkney are subject to large uncertainties. There are several sources with different names: 1 " Biskupatal " ( list of bishops ) by Björn from Skarðsá from the time around 1350 or sooner printed in Diplomatarium islandicum Vol III (Copenhagen 1890), pp. 45-53. He writes that he had taken from a book that was written before the great plague in 1350. 2 In the Orkney Inga Saga also be mentioned bishops of Orkney, which partly complied with the " Biskupatal ". 3 Þormóður Torfason reported in his work Orcades seu rerum Orcadensium historiae. Copenhagen in 1697 " Historiae Orcadensis liber II" ( De primis insularum episcopis ... ) also of bishops. 4 Of the soft information of Adam of Bremen, in the " History of the Episcopal Church of Hamburg " from, but which also does not specify years or reliable order. 5 English chronicles testify that the Archbishop of York bishops appointed next to the Archbishop of Hamburg for Orkney, officiated apparently simultaneously, possibly supported by competing Jarlen.
Originally Orkney had belonged to the English and Scottish episcopate. But Adam of Bremen reported that of Orkney to him an embassy had come and had asked for missionaries and a bishop. Subsequently, these have dedicated on behalf of the Pope Thorulf. Consistent with this message, that after the Orkney Inga Saga Jarl Þorfinnr a trip to Rome and had taken after his return to Birsey ( Byrgisherað ) a large metropolitan church have had built. The earl had a strained relationship with Jarl Sigurd of Northumberland and placed himself under the Norwegian king. So he had reason to withdraw from the Scottish Church. The bishops of Scotland seem to have resisted the. Maurer cited in Vol 2 p 618 footnote 182 English sources, according to which the Scottish bishops have consecrated bishops in 1084 nor for Orkney. In the time of the Norwegian king Olav Kyrre, the Norwegian royal power was not present in Orkney. The first bishops seem to have left no profound traces up to Thorulf because they are ignored in the Scandinavian Bishops' lists. These usually start with Wilhelm I.
After 1382 the Occidental Schism ( 1378-1417 ) has resulted in next to each other bishops of Orkney were ordained both by the Pope in Rome and by the anti-pope in Avignon, because Norway supported the Pope in Rome, Scotland the pope in Avignon.
The bishops
The following people were bishops of Orkney:
- 1035 Henrik I. (first chaplain to King Knut II, then sent a missionary bishop of England, and later Bishop of Lund )
- 1072 Thorulf ( Adalbert of Bremen) was later Bishop of Viken ( area around the Oslo Fjord ) in Norway.
- To 1081 Raudolfur ( Roðúlfr ), nor consecrated during the tenure of Thorulf by Archbishop Thomas of York, and therefore not considered lawful.
- ( Rodserning ) mentioned only in " Biskupatal ", nowhere else.
- 1055 John I.
- 1043x1072 Adalbert ( Adalbert of Bremen sent as bishop to Orkney, then went to Norway. )
- 1100x1108 Roger, consecrated by Archbishop Girardus of York (1100-1108) as successor Raudolfurs. Coinciding with William I.
- 1109x1114 - 1129x1151 Radulf, consecrated by Archbishop Thomas II of York (1109-1114) consecrated. Coinciding with William I.
- 1102-1168 William I the Old. With him, the Hamburgisch - Norwegian church has prevailed. This happened at the founding of the Archdiocese of Nidaros by Cardinal Breakspear.
- 1168-1188 Wilhelm II
- 1188-1222 Bjarni Kolbeinsson Skald ( poet of Jómsvíkingadrápa )
- 1223-1246 Gottfried ( Jofreyrr )
- 1247-1269 Henrik (also called " Hervi " or " Herui ", probably due to a Abschreibfehlers ). He is called in the sources " canon of Orkney ." This is the first written record of a cathedral chapter in Orkney. He was the illegitimate birth and required a papal dispensation.
- 1270-1284 Peter
- 1286-1309 Dolgfinnr, consecrated by Bishop Andres of Oslo (1267-1287)
- 1310 -? William III. He has over 15 years Peter's pence in the amount of 53 weight - Mark Sterling unterschlagen.Sein death date is unknown.
- 1369-1383 William IV
- Around 1382-1394 John II of Pentlar ( then Bishop of Greenland) by Urban VI. appointed in Rome.
- 1383-1391 Robert Sinclair ( anti-bishop of anti-pope Clement VII in Avignon, afterwards Bishop of Dunkeld )
- 1394 Henry II (of Boniface IX. Appointed in Rome. Previously Bishop of Greenland, exchanges the bishop's seat with John II )
- 1396-1397x1418 John Pak of Colchester (John Anglus )
- 1398x1407 -1414 Alexander de Vaus ( Electrical, anti-bishop by the antipope Benedict XIII. Avignon, afterwards Bishop of Caithness 1419-1428 )
- 1415-1419 William Stephani ( Stephenson ) ( anti-bishop by the Pope in Avignon, afterwards Bishop of Dunblane )
- 1418-1661 appointed Thomas de Tulloch of Martin V..
- 1461-1477 William de Tulloch. 1477 he was transferred to Moray.
- 1477-1503x1506 Andrew Pictoris
- 1503x1506 - 1524x1525 Edward Stewart
- 1524-1526 John Benston
- 1526-1541 Robert Maxwell
- 1541-1558 Robert Reid
- 1559-1593 Adam Bothwell