Bolesław Prus
Bolesław Prus, [ bɔ'lεswaf ' prus ] ( born August 20, 1847 in Hrubieszów near Lublin Aleksander Glowacki, † May 19, 1912 in Warsaw) was a Polish writer and journalist ( the pen name Prus means to German: Pruzze, which was his coat of arms ). He is one of the most important representatives of the Polish literature, but also one of the most important in the world literature.
His experiences as a prisoner of insurgents and influenced his artistic work. At the age of 25, he began his remarkable career as a journalist, which lasted 40 years. Between 1886 and 1895 Prus published four great novels that reflect the social and social conditions of his time.
Life
As Aleksander Glowacki in an impoverished noble family born, he lost his parents early and was brought up by distant relatives. As a student, he took part in the January Uprising. On 1 September, 1863, twelve days after his seventeenth birthday, he fell during heavy fighting in Russian captivity. After he was fired because of his youth, finished Prus 1866, the high school and enrolled at the Faculty of Science of the University of Warsaw. He abandoned his studies due to financial difficulties, but mainly because of differences with the faculty and enrolled in 1869 at the newly founded Institute for Agriculture and Forestry in Pulawy, where he had spent part of his childhood. Again, he had trouble with a Russian professor. From then on he studied self-taught and earned his living as a factory worker, tutor and photographer.
From 1872, he worked as a journalist and gained his first experience as a writer. He wrote humorous short stories. Since then, he was a regular columnist for the weekly newspaper Warsaw Courier, also his financial situation improved. He married a cousin. There were no children from this union. A foster son committed suicide in 1904 at the age of 18 years suicide because of an unhappy love affair. Prus probably had another son (* 1906), who in 1944 died in a German concentration camp after the suppression of the Warsaw Uprising.
Prus known to the ideas of Auguste Comte's positivist philosophy. He recognized the importance of journalism and literature for the strengthening of national consciousness. He started under the stage name " Prus " to write. In 1882 he became editor of the Warsaw daily Nowiny. Here he had the opportunity to promote the development of his country, which had lost in the years 1772-1795 its political independence. After less than a year, he began work in the Warsaw Courier again. He began his great novels to work. Appeared in 1886 from the outpost ( Placówka ) over the life of the Polish peasants. In 1889 he completed The doll ( Lalka ), the story of the ill-fated love between a nobleman and a man who betrays his ideals because of them. The emancipated ( Emancypantki ) appeared in 1893, and finally in 1895 his only historical novel, Pharaoh ( Faraon ). Although Prus locates the action in ancient Egypt 3000 years ago, he deals with the loss of independence of Poland.
In the years 1897-1899 the monograph was published in Warsaw Courier in sequels The general ideals of life, in the Prus deals with the relationship between the individual and society. Today, the plant still has meaning for philosophers and social scientists.
The independence of Poland as a result of the First World War should no longer experience Bolesław Prus. He died on 19 May 1912 in his Warsaw apartment after 40 years of journalistic and literary work. He was mourned by the whole nation, he had served as a soldier, philosopher and writer, and he had procured a place in world literature.
Half a century later, on December 3, 1961 his museum was in Małachowski Palace in Naleczów where Prus had spent from 1882 to the summer with his family, opened.
Works
- Palais and Hut ( 1876) Germany 1914
- Angelika (1880 ) ISBN 3-373-00071-8
- The Miser (1882 )
- The no and the girl (1883 ) ISBN 3-15-008297-8
- The Outpost (1886 ) dt 1947
- The doll (1887-1889) dt 1954
- The emancipated (1891-1893) dt 1957
- Pharaoh (1895 /96) ISBN 3-89996-058-0 dt 1944