Boletus luridiformis
Flockenstieliger witches Boletus (Boletus erythropus )
The Flockenstielige witches Boletus (Boletus erythropus, syn. B. luridiformis ) is a species of fungus in the family Dickröhrlingsverwandten. He is a frequent representative of boletus and is depending on the area is also fir, Schuster, thunder fungus or gypsy called (for example, in the Bavarian Forest ) in the vernacular. The term " Schuster mushroom " was created because of the suede-like surface of the hat. He is raw incompatible applies cooked but as an excellent edible mushroom.
- 8.1 Literature
- 8.2 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The hat is hemispherical to cushion -shaped, but flattened at the age somewhat. It reaches a diameter of 6 to 20, sometimes 25 centimeters. The top is usually dark brown in color; rarely is lighter tinted brown or olive Shares. The hat skin is fine velvety- tomentose, but verkahlt in old age. In wet weather it is a little slimy for a short time. The tubes are yellow and have a Olivton. Bruises change color deep blue. The pores are colored orange to red. Most tint over the entire diameter is quite uniform. Under pressure from the pores are also underway to blue.
The stalk is 5-15 cm long and 2-5 inches thick. He is walzig shaped to clavate, hardly thickened bulbous. The surface is yellow to brownish yellow in color and covered with fine flakes. At the upper part of the handle this may be more yellowish. Is olivlicher felt at the base; which had grown mycelium is tinted pale yellowish.
The meat is yolk yellow, sometimes slightly reddish at the base. In case of breach, it immediately turns bright blue. After a few hours it becomes colorless again cloudy yellow. The Cap flesh under the tube layer ( bottom tube ) is yellow. It has no particular smell and taste mild. With Amylon the meat shows no reaction.
Microscopic characteristics
The basidia are 25-40 × 9-13 (15 ) microns in size. The spores have a fusiform shape and measure 12-18 × 4.5-6.5 micrometers. The cystidia are bottle-shaped to ventricose - fusiform. They are scattered and more present on the pores; they are up to 50 micrometers long. The Hutdeckschicht has initially more or less erect, but soon applied hyphae that are 3-6 microns thick. They are somewhat gelatinous especially in older specimens. The end cells are cylindrically shaped to slightly clavate.
Artabgrenzung
The Flockenstielige witches Boletus is under the large boletes the only one with a fuzzy stalk. Similar is the Netzstielige witches Boletus (Boletus luridus ) having a net-like drawing on a stick. On average, shows a darker line at the junction of tubes and tube Cap flesh and his bottom is orange- tinted yellow to orange. From ignorant collectors it can be confused with the poisonous Satansröhrling (Boletus satanas ), but - especially when young - has a much lighter gray hat color.
Ecology
The Flockenstielige witches Boletus is found primarily in European beech forests and there especially in Luzulo - beech forests. Also it is very often found in soil acidic coniferous forests, especially in cranberry spruce - fir forests. The fungus likes growing in the border area of peatlands, but hardly at the center. Although the species can occur on many types of soil, it prefers acidic and fresh ground. Even a cursory acidification it is found. In very dry or very wet soils, the fungus is hard to find. The nitrogen content hardly affects the growth, only on heavily nitrogen-containing substrate it is rare.
The Flockenstielige witches Boletus is a mycorrhizal fungus, rarely lives mainly with conifers, mostly pines with deciduous trees such as beech or oak trees in symbiosis. The fruiting bodies appear relatively early, so early as May discoveries can be made. The growth extends into October and sometimes later.
Dissemination
The Flockenstielige witches Boletus is widespread in Europe. He also was detected in North America and a form of the species is found in North Africa. In Europe it is widespread; the area extends to the Middle East. Similarly, the fungus is often found in Germany.
Ingredients
The blue color appearing with pressure or injury of the fruit body is related to the included Variegatsäure, which is oxidized to injury of the fruit body by means of oxidases with the atmospheric oxygen to Hydroxychinonmethid whose anion is blue. The red color is Variegatorubin.
System
Of some importance is mainly the variety junquilleus, in which all parts of the fruiting body are colored yellow. It is probably a variant without color pigments. Other differences to the type of shape can not be determined. There is also a variety discolor, which is reacted positively with Amylon and can be found in thermophilic oak woods.
Importance
It is estimated in some areas more than the porcini. He's in the raw state toxic, but cooked a delicious edible mushroom. He is reportedly still easier to digest when it is blanched before cooking or preservatives. However, the blue discoloration will not affect the edibility; they get lost during blanching.