Bolitoglossa

Mexican Climbing Salamander ( Bolitoglossa mexicana )

The mushroom tongue salamander or climbing salamander ( Bolitoglossa ) are a genus of salamanders. They belong to the family of lung lots salamanders and are widespread in Central and South America. The mushroom tongue salamander form the largest genus of salamanders and include more than 120 species around a quarter of the biodiversity of this order.

Features

The head-body length of the adult salamander, depending on the type 3-20 centimeters. The mushroom tongue salamander have on the front limbs have four toes on the back five. About half of the species has webbed toes. Previously it was thought that webbed be an adaptation to life on trees and bromeliads hoppers and improve the adhesion to the leaves. However, recent investigations on the webbed could represent a form of Pädomorphose. Here are juvenile characteristics that have played a role in the ancestors of the mushroom tongue salamander maintained. This is also suggested more pädomorphe characteristics of many species of the genus back. Even from a purely terrestrial living forms, these webbed occur.

Dissemination

The distribution of mushroom tongue salamander ranges from Mexico through Central America, where in Costa Rica and Panama a particularly wide variety of species was discovered, to Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, northeast Brazil and Bolivia.

Taxonomy

The genus was his son Auguste Henri André Duméril in Volume 9 of its overall work on the natural history of reptiles and amphibians Erpétologie Genérale ou Histoire Naturelle described in 1854 by Gabriel Bibron, André Marie Constant Duméril and complète des Reptiles first time. The assignment of the type species for the genus Bolitoglossa mexicana Bolitoglssa was subsequently in 1944 by Taylor.

The genus Bolitoglossa is counted along with many other related genera of tribe Bolitoglossini.

Species

In the year 2012 121 species were described:

Bolitoglossa adspersa (Peters, 1863)
Bolitoglossa alberchi García- París, Parra - Olea, Brame, and Wake, 2002
Bolitoglossa altamazonica ( Cope, 1874)
Bolitoglossa alvaradoi Taylor, 1954
Bolitoglossa anthracina Brame, Savage, Wake, and Hanken, 2001
Bolitoglossa aureogularis Boza Oviedo, Rovito, Chaves, García- Rodríguez, Artavia, Bolaños, and Wake, 2012
Bolitoglossa biseriata Tanner, 1962
Bolitoglossa Borburata Trapido, 1942
Bolitoglossa bramei Wake, Savage, and Hanken, 2007
Bolitoglossa capitana Brame and Wake, 1963
Bolitoglossa carri McCranie and Wilson, 1993
Bolitoglossa cataguana Townsend, Butler, Wilson, and Austin, 2009
Bolitoglossa Celaque McCranie and Wilson, 1993
Bolitoglossa centenorum Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo, and Brodie, 2010
Bolitoglossa cerroensis (Taylor, 1952)
Bolitoglossa chica Brame and Wake, 1963
Bolitoglossa chinanteca Rovito, Parra - Olea, Lee, and Wake, 2012
Bolitoglossa compacta Wake, Brame, and Duellman, 1973
Bolitoglossa conanti McCranie and Wilson, 1993
Bolitoglossa copia Wake, Hanken, and Ibáñez, 2005
Bolitoglossa cuchumatana ( Stuart, 1943)
Bolitoglossa cuna Wake, Brame, and Duellman, 1973
Bolitoglossa daryorum Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo, and Brodie, 2010
Bolitoglossa decora McCranie and Wilson, 1997
Bolitoglossa diaphora McCranie and Wilson, 1995
Bolitoglossa digitigrada Wake, Brame, and Thomas, 1982
Bolitoglossa diminuta Robinson, 1976
Bolitoglossa dofleini ( Werner, 1903)
Bolitoglossa dunni ( Schmidt, 1933)
Bolitoglossa engelhardti ( Schmidt, 1936)
Bolitoglossa epimela Wake and Brame, 1963
Bolitoglossa equatoriana Brame and Wake, 1972
Bolitoglossa Eremia Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo, and Brodie, 2010
Bolitoglossa flavimembris ( Schmidt, 1936)
Bolitoglossa flaviventris ( Schmidt, 1936)
Bolitoglossa franklini ( Schmidt, 1936)
Bolitoglossa gomezi Wake, Savage, and Hanken, 2007
Bolitoglossa gracilis Bolaños, Robinson, and Wake, 1987
Bolitoglossa guaneae Acosta - Galvis and Gutiérrez- Lamu, 2012
Bolitoglossa guaramacalensis Schargel, García- Pérez, and Smith, 2002
Bolitoglossa hartwegi Wake and Brame, 1969
Bolitoglossa heiroreias Greenbaum, 2004
Bolitoglossa helmet richi ( Schmidt, 1936)
Bolitoglossa hermosa Papenfuss, Wake, and Adler, 1984
Bolitoglossa hiemalis Lynch, 2001
Bolitoglossa huehuetenanguensis Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo, and Brodie, 2010
Bolitoglossa hypacra ( Brame and Wake, 1962)
Bolitoglossa indio Sunyer, Lotzkat, Hertz, Wake, Aléman, Robleto, and Köhler, 2008
Bolitoglossa insularis Sunyer, Lotzkat, Hertz, Wake, Aléman, Robleto, and Köhler, 2008
Bolitoglossa jacksoni Elias, 1984
Bolitoglossa kamuk Boza Oviedo, Rovito, Chaves, García- Rodríguez, Artavia, Bolaños, and Wake, 2012
Bolitoglossa kaqchikelorum Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo, and Brodie, 2010
Bolitoglossa la Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo, and Brodie, 2010
Bolitoglossa lignicolor (Peters, 1873)
Bolitoglossa lincolni ( Stuart, 1943)
Bolitoglossa longissima McCranie and Cruz - Díaz, 1996
Bolitoglossa lozanoi Acosta - Galvis and Restrepo, 2001
Bolitoglossa macrinii ( Lafrentz, 1930)
Bolitoglossa magnifica Hanken, Wake, and Savage, 2005
Bolitoglossa marmorea ( Tanner and Brame, 1961)
Bolitoglossa medemi Brame and Wake, 1972
Bolitoglossa Meliana Wake and Lynch, 1982
Bolitoglossa mexicana Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854
Bolitoglossa minutula Wake, Brame, and Duellman, 1973
Bolitoglossa mombachoensis Köhler and McCranie, 1999
Bolitoglossa morio ( Cope, 1869)
Bolitoglossa mulleri ( Brocchi, 1883)
Bolitoglossa nicefori Brame and Wake, 1963
Bolitoglossa nigrescens (Taylor, 1949)
Bolitoglossa ninadormida Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo, and Brodie, 2010
Bolitoglossa nussbaumi Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo, and Brodie, 2010
Bolitoglossa nympha Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo, and Brodie, 2010
Bolitoglossa oaxacensis Parra - Olea, García- París, and Wake, 2002
Bolitoglossa obscura Hanken, Wake, and Savage, 2005
Bolitoglossa occidentalis Taylor, 1941
Bolitoglossa odonnelli ( Stuart, 1943)
Bolitoglossa omniumsanctorum ( Stuart, 1952)
Bolitoglossa oresbia McCranie, Espinal, and Wilson, 2005
Bolitoglossa orestes Brame and Wake, 1962
Bolitoglossa pacaya Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo, and Brodie, 2010
Bolitoglossa palmata ( Werner, 1897)
Bolitoglossa Pandi Brame and Wake, 1963
Bolitoglossa paraensis ( Under Stone, 1930)
Bolitoglossa peruviana ( Boulenger, 1883)
Bolitoglossa pesrubra Taylor, 1952
Bolitoglossa phalarosoma Wake and Brame, 1962
Bolitoglossa platydactyla (Gray, 1831)
Bolitoglossa porrasorum McCranie and Wilson, 1995
Bolitoglossa psephena Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo, and Brodie, 2010
Bolitoglossa pygmaea Bolaños and Wake, 2009
Bolitoglossa ramosi Brame and Wake, 1972
Bolitoglossa riletti Holman, 1964
Bolitoglossa robin soni Bolaños and Wake, 2009
Bolitoglossa robusta ( Cope, 1894)
Bolitoglossa rostrata ( Brocchi, 1883)
Bolitoglossa rufescens ( Cope, 1869)
Bolitoglossa salvinii (Gray, 1868)
Bolitoglossa savagei Brame and Wake, 1963
Bolitoglossa schizodactyla Wake and Brame, 1966
Bolitoglossa silverstonei Brame and Wake, 1972
Bolitoglossa sima ( Vaillant, 1911)
Bolitoglossa sombra Hanken, Wake, and Savage, 2005
Bolitoglossa sooyorum Vial, 1963
Bolitoglossa splendida Boza Oviedo, Rovito, Chaves, García- Rodríguez, Artavia, Bolaños, and Wake, 2012
Bolitoglossa striatula ( Noble, 1918)
Bolitoglossa Stuarti Wake and Brame, 1969
Bolitoglossa subpalmata ( Boulenger, 1896)
Bolitoglossa suchitanensis Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo, and Brodie, 2010
Bolitoglossa synoria McCranie and Köhler, 1999
Bolitoglossa tatamae Acosta - Galvis and Hoyos, 2006
Bolitoglossa taylori Wake, Brame, and Myers, 1970
Bolitoglossa tica García- París, Parra - Olea and Wake, 2008
Bolitoglossa tzultacaj Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo, and Brodie, 2010
Bolitoglossa vallecula Brame and Wake, 1963
Bolitoglossa veracrucis Taylor, 1951
Bolitoglossa walkeri Brame and Wake, 1972
Bolitoglossa xibalba Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo, and Brodie, 2010
Bolitoglossa yucatana (Peters, 1882)
Bolitoglossa zacapensis Rovito, Vásquez - Almazan, and Papenfuss, 2010
Bolitoglossa Zapotec Parra - Olea, García- París, and Wake, 2002

In April 2013, the first description of the species Bolitoglossa jugivagans from Panama has been published.

Lissamphibia Salamandroidea Lungless salamander Middle America (region) Chinanteca salamander Digital Object Identifier

136956