Bomlitz (river)

The Bomlitztal in a recreation area Eibia - Lohheide at Bomlitz

The Bomlitz is a right, almost 22 km long tributary of the Bohemian district Heidekreis in Lower Saxony.

Name

The Bomlitz called dialect Bommelse, originally Bamlina in the meaning of Little Tree River as the main tributary of the River Böhme, originally Bama, trees in the importance Tree River. The present name is derived from the place Bomlitz whose name is in turn derived from the locality on rectangular Talk Nick, the bobble - Etz or bobble Letzel.

History and characteristics

The Bomlitz arises between New churches and Soltau in Stichter lake, during the last glacial period than Schlattmann (in this space: Flatt ) incurred, now largely silted to 1900 but with 6 hectares still the largest natural lake in the Lüneburg Heath ( small natural beach ).

In the course of the settlement almost empty Riensheide the grave like Bach loses repeated water in the permeable subsoil and the groundwater flow, which is directed here to the north adjacent 20 meter deep flowing Hahnenbach.

South of the crossing America Line is the gradually deepening Bomlitztal in the villages Frielingen and Woltem ( Soltau ), and Bommelsen and Kroge (municipality Bomlitz ) is a textbook- typical example of the former cultural landscape in the natural area of Fallingbosteler clay plates. A consequence of the near shore isolated farms and hamlets located on cross- paths between the both sides of the trough accompanying each country roads. The partly preserved, comprehensive and historic stairs storage farm buildings are nestled into small, old deciduous forests, which follow with increasing Hofentfernung arable land and grassland. The fields had been previously cultivated by applied sods from the at margins lying heathland to higher yielding Esch hallways. The often boggy heaths are now largely forested.

Above Bomlitz the valley narrows. There the Bomlitz meanders in semi-natural floodplain by former Anstauflächen that had been created ( from 1691) and the subsequent powder factories (from 1815) for the earlier Bommelser paper mill. Then crosses the old Bomlitz Gutsbereich and then one and a half miles down the plant parts from Dow Wolff Cellulosics, one of the largest and oldest sites of the chemical industry in Lower Saxony. The work area is divided by forested slopes. The surface area of ​​settlement of Bomlitz here stretches the left slope, similar to something below on the right slope of the settlement area Benefeld.

Below the bridge the industrial railway Wolff increases the slope, and the brook crosses the former restricted area and recreation area of ​​today's Lohheide. The remains of the operated between 1938 and 1945 ammunition factory Eibia are still partly visible, partly as eingehügelte debris fields, partly as walls and embankments, with which over 250 buildings were integrated into the moving terrain. The Bomlitz here is one for the north German lowlands unusual, well-defined Talmäander with up to 20 meter high cliffs. The previous narrow valley meadows have given a Erlenbruchwald to a few waterlogged residues. The stream is channeled since 1850, but was renatured in places. In the triangle of places Walsrode, Bad Fallingbostel and Bomlitz the creek empties into the Böhme, surmounted by the remains of a partially demolished railway bridge.

Catchment area and nature area

The natural leadership of Bomlitz of a good half an average cubic meter per second is unusually low for a catchment area of ​​over 70 sq km in the Western Heath. Main cause did the underground water losses northwest to the lower-lying Wümme Geest.

The almost linear in the upper reaches Bomlitztal was mapped out in its course, especially during the penultimate glacial period of the current ice age, the Saale glaciation. The valley follows several shallow furrows left by the over -propelled ice. It turns nurmehr the residue of a previous Talzuges dar. Its headwaters is characterized today by Gilmerdinger Bach, which has been deflected later to Hahnenbach and thus to Wümme out. To the south the Bomlitztal continues in a boggy Talung the Walsrode ( core city) of Honer things and Düshorn separates. She has been separated by the later formed (at the end of the older Saalian cold temporal Drenthe stage about 200,000 years ago) Böhme knee.

The typical for the Böhme knee narrow valley bottom shows the lower Bomlitztal more pronounced. The valley cuts here largely unconsolidated materials that were from the ice of the Saale glaciation and its meltwater from and rearranged: the several meters thick ground moraine of the stadial Drenthe I is superimposed by the Nachschüttsanden the receding ice front and the Vorschüttsanden of again approaching ice front of the Drenthe stadial II. Its thin, rich in coarse sediment and moraine boulders makes today's anlehmigen plateaus. The Drenthe I Grundmöräne shows that the Bomlitztal in the Lohheide had a joint with the adjacent west Warnautal precursor. About this Grundmöräne arise from the Vorschüttsanden numerous Quellgerinne which open after a short run in the Bomlitz and contribute to moving topography of the slopes.

Water quality

Above Bomlitz was and is the Bomlitz lightly loaded to moderate. Until the construction of the Wolff (now the Industrial Park Walsrode ) and the community Bomlitz jointly operated wastewater treatment plant with a 210,000 population equivalent below the Bomlitz of the work, however, Wolff was one of the most polluted rivers of Lower Saxony. Three small mechanical sewage treatment plants could not prevent the Bomlitz led noticeably heated, cloudy, green gray water, which was only bacterial life forms space, and its strong chemical smell made ​​it difficult to stay on the shore. In the decades before 1945 a changing acid load repeatedly led to fish kills in the Bohemian, occasionally also of all.

Until the construction of the wastewater treatment plant it was characterized in the water quality cards with the highest load level. Since then, their water quality is after the oxygen content also unfavorable in the class II -III, according to other parameters. Smell and appearance are generally inconspicuous, so its charming narrow valley is now frequented by leisure seekers.